# Ministring DNA (msDNA): a novel linear covalently-closed DNA with enhanced stability for gene and cell therapy applications

## TL;DR

Ministring DNA (msDNA) is a new type of DNA that is more stable and less immunogenic than traditional plasmids, making it promising for gene therapy.

## Contribution

msDNA is a novel linear covalently-closed DNA with enhanced stability and reduced immunogenicity for gene therapy applications.

## Key findings

- msDNA is more stable to chemical and mechanical stress than conventional plasmid DNA.
- Lyophilization improves the long-term stability of msDNA, reducing the need for cold chain storage.

## Abstract

The quality and fidelity of DNA vectors used in genetic medicine and gene therapy either as starting material for manufacturing or as therapeutic ingredients play a critical role in determining ultimate clinical success. Ministring DNA (msDNA), is a novel minivector that is a linear covalently-closed (LCC) double-stranded DNA molecule devoid of immunogenic bacterial sequences (e.g., origin of replication, antibiotic resistant cassette). Similar to traditional plasmids, msDNA is manufactured in vivo in E. coli and therefore benefits from the scalability of E. coli -based systems and the ~ 1000-fold enhanced fidelity conferred by the mismatch repair (MMR) mechanism. In this paper, we address the improved stability of msDNA. We show that due to the torsion-free structure, msDNA is more stable to chemical and mechanical stress than conventional plasmid DNA. Moreover, we demonstrate that lyophilization can further improve the long-term stability of msDNA, reducing the need for cold chain storage. Therefore, we propose that msDNA can be a new paradigm for genetic medicine by offering genetic material with lower immunogenicity, reduced risk of insertional mutagenesis, and higher fidelity and stability.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-98730-5.