# Sex and age-related implications for preventive measures of intensive care admitted traumatic brain injury patients in Switzerland: an observational study

## TL;DR

This study explores how sex and age influence traumatic brain injury causes in Swiss ICU patients, suggesting tailored prevention strategies.

## Contribution

The study identifies sex- and age-specific patterns in TBI causes and risk behaviors in Switzerland.

## Key findings

- Men were more likely to suffer road traffic accidents, while women were more likely to suffer low energy falls.
- Young patients were more likely to be involved in road traffic accidents, while older patients in low energy falls.
- Males showed higher rates of alcohol intoxication, while females were less likely to wear helmets in two-wheeled accidents.

## Abstract

Epidemiological studies of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Switzerland have, to date, poorly investigated sex-related differences in causality and predisposing factors. This study examines differences in sex and age related TBI epidemiology in a high-volume trauma centre intensive care unit (ICU) cohort, aiming to identify potential targets for prevention.

This retrospective, single centre study includes all consecutive TBI patients admitted to the ICU in a 4-year study period. Patient demographics, comorbidities, co-medication, trauma setting and associated risk behaviour were compared between sexes and age groups (over/under 65 years).

592 patients (73.3% male, 26.7% female) were included. The leading cause of TBI was falls (52.4%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTA) (35.8%). Overall, men were more likely to suffer from a road traffic accident, while women were more likely to suffer a low energy fall. No differences in injury severity and comorbidities between sexes were observed. Young patients most likely suffered from a RTA while older patients from a low energy fall irrespective of sex. Both sexes portrayed risk associated behaviors with higher rates of alcohol intoxication in males, while females were less likely to wear a helmet in two-wheeled RTAs.

We conclude that sex- and age-related epidemiologic differences in TBI exist. Our results suggest that sex and age-specific prevention measures might be advisable for optimal mitigation of TBI and its sequelae.