A Novel Assessment of Sagittal Proximal Tibial Morphology and Relationship to Proximal Posterior Tibial Slope: Lateral Supratubercle Angle

TL;DR

This study introduces new measurements for tibial morphology and finds they differ between healthy knees and those with ACL tears, potentially aiding surgical planning.

Contribution

The study introduces the lateral supratubercle angle (LSTA) as a novel proximal-based measure for tibial slope assessment.

Findings

LSTA-L, LSTA-M, and PTS-M showed significant differences between normative and ACL tear groups.

Mean values and ranges for LSTA and LSTD were established in both cohorts.

The findings suggest LSTA could help in ACL surgery planning and retear risk assessment.

Abstract

Multiple techniques have been utilized to measure posterior tibial slope (PTS) without consensus on which imaging modality, view, and axis combination is most consistent for risk assessment and preoperative planning in primary and revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. An exclusively proximal-based measurement of PTS has yet to be defined.

The purpose of this study was to establish normal values for novel measurements of sagittal proximal tibial morphology, the lateral supratubercle angle (LSTA) and the lateral supratubercle distance (LSTD), in normative and primary ACL tear cohorts. The secondary aim was to establish cutoff values and determine if these tibial measurement values are predictive of the presence of an ACL tear. It was hypothesized that LSTA will be significantly different between cohorts.

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

The medical records of patients with a knee complaint between August 2016 and June 2024 were retrospectively reviewed, and the patients were placed into either the normative or primary ACL tear cohort. Three independent observers measured LSTA, LSTD, and PTS along both the lateral (L) and medial (M) tibial plateaus on standard lateral knee radiographs. Means were calculated for each measurement and compared between groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of significant measurements.

Significant differences were found between normative (n = 150) and primary ACL tear (n = 150) groups in LSTA-L (normative: 9.9°± 4.4° vs primary ACL tear: 11.1°± 4.4°; P = .02), LSTA-M (normative: 10.3°± 4.4° vs ACL tear: 11.4°± 4.6°; P = .03), and PTS-M (normative: 9.2°± 3.2° vs primary ACL tear: 10.0°± 3.1°; P = .03).

Mean values and ranges for LSTA and LSTD have been established in normative and primary ACL tear cohorts. LSTA-L, LSTA-M, and PTS-M significantly differed between the cohorts. Future studies with LSTA will evaluate the utilization of these proximal tibial deformity–based measurements in ACL surgery, retear risk assessment, and slope-reducing osteotomy planning.

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