# Spinal tuberculosis in Afghanistan: A 2019‐2020 study of patients in Kabul hospitals

## TL;DR

This study examines spinal tuberculosis in Afghanistan, highlighting its clinical features and the need for better awareness and prevention.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into spinal TB in a low-resource setting with limited prior research.

## Key findings

- Most spinal TB cases involved the lumbar spine, followed by the thoracolumbar spine.
- Back pain was the primary symptom, and over half of patients had neurological impairment.

## Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in many low‐income countries, which can affect the spine in 1%–5% of those with an active infection. This study reports the clinical characteristics of patients admitted for spinal TB in Kabul, Afghanistan, a country with very limited resources.

This was a descriptive study among 26 patients treated for spinal TB in three major referral hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan, between March 2019 and April 2020. The sociodemographic and clinical details, gender, age, site of infection, presenting complaints, signs, and symptoms of the patients were retrieved from their medical records. Summary statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Ethics approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran.

Data were available for 26 patients with spinal TB admitted consecutively. The mean age of the sample was 38.2 years (SD 17.5), and there were 16 males and 10 females. Median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 60 days. The most common diagnostic imaging technique used was magnetic resonance imaging (92.3%), followed by computed tomography (7.7%). The majority of the lesions involved the lumbar spine (61.4%), followed by the thoracolumbar spine (30.8%). Back pain was the most common manifestation in 21 patients (80.8%), and varying degrees of neurological impairment were found in 16 (61.5%) patients. There were no deaths among the patients up to the discharge date.

This study describes the clinical characteristics of spinal TB among patients in Kabul, Afghanistan. It is essential to strengthen preventive strategies and to improve health awareness about clinical features of spinal TB in patients with chronic back pain even in the absence of signs of TB.

1 Only half of the patients had a past history of pulmonary TB.

2 The majority of the lesions involved the lumbar spine (61.4%), followed by the thoracolumbar spine (30.8%).

3 Back pain was the main presenting symptom, in 21 patients (80.8%), and varying degrees of neurological impairment were found in 16 (61.5%) patients.