# Analysis of two cases of hereditary protein C deficiency causing venous thrombosis

**Authors:** 梦珍 温, 一凡 芦, 媚娜 刘, 朗译 秦, 艳慧 金, 明山 王, 丽红 杨

PMC · DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20240628-00236 · Chinese Journal of Hematology · 2025-03-01

## TL;DR

This paper investigates two families with hereditary protein C deficiency and identifies genetic mutations that may cause venous thrombosis.

## Contribution

The study identifies novel PROC gene mutations (p.Leu278Pro and p.Trp444Arg) as potential molecular causes of hereditary protein C deficiency.

## Key findings

- Two heterozygous missense mutations in the PROC gene were found in patients with hereditary protein C deficiency.
- The mutations lead to impaired protein C secretion and altered protein structure.
- The mutations are highly conserved and predicted to be pathogenic.

## Abstract

探究两个遗传性蛋白C（PC）缺陷症家系的分子致病机制。

两位先证者均因静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）分别于2021年6月和2022年10月就诊于温州医科大学附属第一医院，收集先证者和家系成员临床资料及血样本，检测血浆蛋白C活性（PC∶A）和抗原（PC∶Ag）含量及其他相关凝血指标。以凝血酶生成试验（TGT）评估其抗凝能力。采用DNA直接测序法确定PROC基因突变位点。用生物信息学软件分析突变基因的保守性和致病性。用PyMOL软件分析蛋白质三维模型以及突变氨基酸之间的相互作用。构建野生型和两个突变型表达载体，并瞬时转染HEK293T细胞，提取阳性转染细胞内的细胞总RNA进行突变PROC基因转录水平的研究。采用ELISA法和Western blot和细胞免疫荧光实验进行PC突变蛋白翻译水平的研究。

家系1、2先证者的PC∶A分别降至35％、40％，PC∶Ag分别降至44％、39％，D-二聚体分别升高至4.42 mg/L、0.83 mg/L，其他相关凝血指标无明显异常。测序分析显示，家系1、2先证者的PROC基因第9外显子分别存在c.833T>C（p.Leu278Pro）、c.1330T>C（p.Trp444Arg）杂合错义突变。凝血酶生成试验表明两位先证者及其携带以上PROC基因突变家系成员的抗凝功能均受损。保守性分析显示Leu2278和Trp444在同源物种间呈高度保守。致病性分析显示p.Leu278Pro和p.Trp444Arg均为有害突变。蛋白质模型分析显示该两种突变均能导致蛋白质结构发生改变。体外表达实验显示，与野生型相比，p.Leu278Pro和p.Trp444Arg两种突变在mRNA表达层面没有明显差异，但两种突变导致细胞培养上清液PC∶Ag含量和PC蛋白表达量明显低于野生型，而在细胞培养裂解液中高于野生型。

PROC基因第9外显子杂合错义突变p.Leu278Pro和p.Trp444Arg导致PC蛋白分泌障碍可能是遗传性PC缺陷症的分子致病机制。

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** PROC (protein C, inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa) [NCBI Gene 5624]
- **Proteins:** PC (pyruvate carboxylase)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** F2 (coagulation factor II, thrombin) [NCBI Gene 2147] {aka PT, RPRGL2, THPH1}, PROC (protein C, inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa) [NCBI Gene 5624] {aka APC, PC, PROC1, THPH3, THPH4}
- **Diseases:** coagulation (MESH:D001778), venous thrombosis (MESH:D020246), venous thromboembolism (MESH:D054556), protein C deficiency (MESH:D020151)
- **Chemicals:** amino acids (MESH:D000596)
- **Mutations:** p. Leu278Pro, Trp444, p. Trp444Arg, c. 1330T>C
- **Cell lines:** HEK293T — Homo sapiens (Human), Transformed cell line (CVCL_0063)

## Full text

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## Figures

11 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12038477/full.md

## References

18 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12038477/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12038477