# Dynamic changes in genetic mutations in myelodysplastic neoplasms with progressive disease and leukemic transformation

**Authors:** 欣 严, 海洋 陈, 莲 王, 雨露 田, 岩 顾, 娜 刘, 峥 葛

PMC · DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20240708-00254 · Chinese Journal of Hematology · 2025-03-01

## TL;DR

This study compares genetic mutation changes in patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms who experience disease progression or leukemic transformation versus those who do not.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific gene mutations that may play a key role in disease progression and leukemic transformation in myelodysplastic neoplasms.

## Key findings

- Patients in the PD/LT group had higher initial bone marrow blasts and more gene mutations compared to the non-PD/LT group.
- TP53, RAS pathway, and TET2 mutations were more frequently observed as progressive or expanding mutations in the PD/LT group.
- I/II class TP53 and RAS pathway mutations may be critical in MDS progression and leukemic transformation.

## Abstract

分析骨髓增生异常肿瘤（Myelodysplastic neoplasms, MDS）疾病进展（Progressive disease, PD）/白血病转化（Leukemic transformattion, LT）组和非PD/LT组患者病程中基因突变动态变化差异，探索在MDS发生PD/LT过程中起关键作用的基因突变。

收集2019年5月至2023年8月于东南大学附属中大医院就诊的至少有２次高通量二代测序（Next generation sequencing, NGS）基因突变结果的84例MDS患者，比较PD/LT组和非PD/LT组患者病程中基因突变动态变化差异。

①84例患者中男性51例，女性33例，初次测序时中位年龄69（31～95）岁。PD组20例，LT组13例，非PD/LT组51例。初次测序时PD/LT组中位骨髓原始细胞比例高于非PD/LT组（1.6％对0.4％，P＝0.013）。②84例患者初次测序时基因突变检出率较高的依次为ASXL1（21例，25.0％）、TP53（17例，20.2％）、TET2（12例，14.3％）、DNMT3A（11例，13.1％）、U2AF1（11例，13.1％）；PD/LT组患者初次测序时中位基因突变个数高于非PD/LT组（2个对1个，P＝0.014）；PD/LT组初次测序时TET2（27.3％对5.9％，P＝0.010）、SETBP1（15.2％对2.0％，P＝0.033）、RUNX1（18.2％对2.0％，P＝0.013）突变比例高于非PD/LT组。③84例患者病程中检出率较高的新增突变（Ⅰ类突变）/克隆扩增突变（Ⅱ类突变）依次为TP53（9例，10.7％）、TET2（7例，8.3％）、ASXL1（7例，8.3％）、RAS旁路突变（7例，8.3％）；PD/LT组中位Ⅰ/Ⅱ类基因突变数目显著高于非PD/LT组（2个对0个，P<0.001）。PD/LT组患者Ⅰ/Ⅱ类RAS旁路（21.2％对0，P＝0.001）、TP53（27.3％对0，P<0.001）、TET2（18.2％对2.0％，P＝0.013）突变比例显著高于非PD/LT组。④PD/LT组75.0％（9/12）患者TP53突变为Ⅰ/Ⅱ类突变；非PD/LT组患者TP53突变皆为克隆缩小（Ⅲ类突变）（5/8，62.5％）或克隆稳定突变（Ⅳ类突变）（3/8，37.5％）。PD/LT组87.5％（7/8）的患者RAS旁路突变为Ⅰ/Ⅱ类突变；非PD/LT组患者仅有1例病程中有RAS旁路突变，为Ⅳ类突变。

PD/LT组患者初次测序时中位骨髓原始细胞比例和基因突变数目高于非PD/LT组；TET2、SETBP1、RUNX1突变比例高于非PD/LT组。PD/LT组中位Ⅰ/Ⅱ类基因突变数目和Ⅰ/Ⅱ类TP53、RAS旁路、TET2基因突变比例高于非PD/LT组。Ⅰ/Ⅱ类TP53和RAS旁路突变可能在MDS发生PD/LT过程中起关键作用。

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** ASXL1 (ASXL transcriptional regulator 1) [NCBI Gene 171023], TP53 (tumor protein p53) [NCBI Gene 7157], TET2 (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2) [NCBI Gene 54790], DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha) [NCBI Gene 1788], U2AF1 (U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1) [NCBI Gene 7307], SETBP1 (SET binding protein 1) [NCBI Gene 26040], RUNX1 (RUNX family transcription factor 1) [NCBI Gene 861], ras (resistance to audiogenic seizures) [NCBI Gene 19412]

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** TP53 (tumor protein p53) [NCBI Gene 7157] {aka BCC7, BMFS5, LFS1, P53, TRP53}, DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha) [NCBI Gene 1788] {aka DNMT3A2, HESJAS, M.HsaIIIA, TBRS}, U2AF1 (U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1) [NCBI Gene 7307] {aka FP793, RN, RNU2AF1, U2AF35, U2AFBP}, SETBP1 (SET binding protein 1) [NCBI Gene 26040] {aka MRD29, SEB}, RUNX1 (RUNX family transcription factor 1) [NCBI Gene 861] {aka AML1, AML1-EVI-1, AMLCR1, CBF2alpha, CBFA2, EVI-1}, ASXL1 (ASXL transcriptional regulator 1) [NCBI Gene 171023] {aka BOPS, MDS}, TET2 (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2) [NCBI Gene 54790] {aka IMD75, KIAA1546, MDS}
- **Diseases:** leukemic (MESH:D007938), MDS (MESH:D009190)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## Figures

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## References

24 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12038471/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12038471