# Application of metal stable isotopes labeling and elemental mass spectrometry for biomacromolecule profiling

## TL;DR

This review discusses how metal isotopes and mass spectrometry can track and measure biomacromolecules in biological systems.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of metal isotope labeling and elemental mass spectrometry techniques for biomacromolecule profiling.

## Key findings

- Metal stable isotope labeling allows quantification and spatial tracking of biomacromolecules.
- Elemental mass spectrometry techniques like ICP-MS and SIMS enable sensitive detection at multiple biological levels.
- The combination of these methods has advantages and limitations for future development.

## Abstract

Biomacromolecules including proteins and nucleic acids are widely recognized for their pivotal and irreplaceable role in maintaining the normal functions of biological systems. By combining metal stable isotope labeling with elemental mass spectrometry, researchers can quantify the amount and track the spatial distribution of specific biomacromolecules in complex biological systems. In this review, the probes classification and metal stable isotope labeling strategies are initially summarized. Secondly, the technical characteristics and working principle of the elemental mass spectrometry techniques including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry are introduced to achieve highly sensitive detection of multiple biomacromolecules at molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Lastly, we underline the advantages and limitations of elemental mass spectrometry combined with metal stable isotope labeling strategies, and propose the perspectives for future developments.