# Understanding occupational therapy perinatal mental health practice in mothers from ethnic minorities: A qualitative study of practitioner perceived barriers and enablers

## TL;DR

This study explores how occupational therapists in the UK perceive barriers and enablers to providing inclusive mental health care for ethnic minority mothers during the perinatal period.

## Contribution

The study identifies practitioner perspectives on cultural and systemic barriers and enablers to inclusive perinatal mental health occupational therapy for ethnic minority mothers.

## Key findings

- Stigma, fear, language, and cultural perceptions were perceived as barriers for ethnic minority mothers.
- Limited workforce diversity and ineffective training were seen as obstacles to inclusive service delivery.
- Cultural experience and reflective practice were identified as enablers for inclusive occupational therapy practice.

## Abstract

In the United Kingdom, ethnic minority mothers experience increased risk of mental illness compared to white women of British heritage. However, there is insufficient research to guide perinatal mental health occupational therapists to develop services that are accessible and meet the diverse needs of service users. This study explored perinatal mental health occupational therapists’ perceptions of the barriers and enablers to an inclusive service provision for ethnic minority mothers.

A qualitative study was undertaken. Recruitment via social media used non-probability sampling. Semi-structured interviews collected data which were then analysed thematically.

Eight occupational therapist participated in the study. Three main themes were identified: observation of caseloads; experience of providing occupational therapy; influence of the therapist’s culture. Participants perceived stigma, fear, language and cultural perceptions created barriers for ethnic minority mothers.

Limited workforce diversity, ineffective mandatory training and insufficient referral to occupational therapy by other healthcare professionals were believed to negatively impact service delivery. Cultural experience and reflective practice were felt to enable inclusive practice. Recommendations to inform perinatal mental health occupational therapy practice in the United Kingdom and internationally include collaborations to gain a more diverse workforce, improved mandatory training and strategies to increase cultural sensitivity and competence.