# Comparative Assessment of the Fenestration, Dehiscence Frequency and Facial Bone Thickness in the Maxillary Anterior Region of Smokers Versus Non-Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study

## TL;DR

This study compares bone defects and facial bone thickness in the upper front teeth area of smokers and non-smokers using CT scans.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into how smoking affects bone defects and facial bone thickness in the maxillary anterior region.

## Key findings

- Smoking was associated with reduced labial bone thickness in the anterior maxillary regions.
- Female smokers had higher fenestration rates in the right premolar and left canine areas.
- Male smokers showed the highest dehiscence frequency in the left premolar region.

## Abstract

Aim: To investigate the presence of fenestration and dehiscence. In addition, the thickness of the facial bone in the anterior region of the maxillary anterior teeth was measured using C.B.C.T. scans in both smokers and non-smokers.

Materials and Methods: The study used 300 C.B.C.T. Scans of patients with intact maxillary anterior teeth to assess the presence of bone defects in the fenestration and dehiscence areas. In addition, the thickness of the facial bone in the anterior region of the maxilla was measured in both smokers and non-smokers.

Results: The study included 300 participants free of systemic or periodontal diseases. The subjects were divided into smokers (49.33%) and non-smokers (50.66%). The results showed that female smokers most frequently had fenestrations in the right premolar and left canine areas, with a majority rate of 1.57%. However, dehiscence was most common in male smokers, with the left premolar area being the most common with a frequency of 3.43%.

Conclusion: The study found that smoking reduced the thickness of the labial bone in the anterior maxillary regions. In addition, female smokers had a higher frequency of fenestrations in the right premolar and left canine regions, and on average, smoking patients had the highest rate of dehiscence in the left premolar–maxillary region.