# Within-person Relations Between Social Skills and Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder from Preschool to Adolescence – A Birth Cohort Study

## TL;DR

This study finds that better social skills are linked to fewer symptoms of ODD and CD in children from preschool to adolescence.

## Contribution

The study identifies bidirectional relationships between social skills and symptoms of ODD and CD using a longitudinal birth cohort.

## Key findings

- Parent-reported social skills predict reduced symptoms of ODD and CD from preschool to adolescence.
- Teacher-rated social skills predict reduced ODD symptoms from age 4 to 14 and CD symptoms from age 6 to 8.
- ODD and CD symptoms predict reduced teacher-rated social skills at specific ages but not parent-rated skills.

## Abstract

Effective treatment of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) is dependent on etiological knowledge about what factors contribute to their development and maintenance. Previous research points to a role for social skills in this process, but findings are mixed, possibly due to methodological factors. A sample drawn from two birth cohorts (n = 1,079, 50.1% girls) in the city of Trondheim, Norway, was assessed biennially from age 4 to 16 years. Social skills were rated by teachers and parents and measures of symptoms of ODD and CD were obtained through diagnostic interviews of parents and children (from age 8). Bidirectional relations between within-person changes in social skills and symptoms of ODD and CD, respectively, were assessed by a random intercept cross-lagged model. Increased parent-reported social skills predicted reduced symptoms of both ODD and CD from preschool to adolescence, while teacher-rated social skills predicted reduced symptoms of ODD from 4 to 14 years but predicted reduced symptoms of CD from 6 to 8 years only. Symptoms of ODD and CD predicted reduced teacher-rated social skills on two occasions (6 to 8 years for CD and 8 to 10 years for ODD), but there were no reciprocal paths involving parent-rated social skills. Findings provide support for including social skills training in the prevention and treatment of symptoms of ODD and CD.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10802-025-01298-x.