# Exploring the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs in Disabled Saudi Patients: A Systematic Review

## TL;DR

This study reviews how drugs are processed in disabled Saudi patients and compares these findings with other ethnic groups to improve personalized treatment.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into drug pharmacokinetics in disabled Saudi patients, highlighting ethnic and health-related differences.

## Key findings

- Carbamazepine's Cmax decreases with age in pediatric epileptic patients due to ontogenetic changes.
- Busulphan's AUC0–∞ in adult hematopoietic stem cell patients shows high variability.
- Vancomycin clearance is 25% higher in cancer patients compared to non-cancer subjects.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Disability is a term that involves mental, intellectual, or sensory impairment resulting in the loss of one’s ability to walk or perform the activities necessary to live in a society. This study aims to collect all the data regarding the absorption, distribution, and disposition of drugs in disabled Saudi patients, i.e., patients suffering from epilepsy, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc., and then compare these results with data reported in other ethnicities. Methods: An exhaustive online search used the key terms in Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct to extract all articles that met the eligibility criteria. All research studies containing pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters (area under the curve from 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞), maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), clearance (CL), volume of distribution, time to reach maximum plasma concentration, and half-life) were included in this review. Results: In pediatric epileptic patients, carbamazepine showed a notable decrease in Cmax with increasing age, which may be due to ontogenetic changes in its disposition. The AUC0–∞ of busulphan in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients was recorded as 4392.5 ± 1354.65 μg·h/mL, with high inter-individual variability. Moreover, the CL of vancomycin was reported to be 25% higher among cancer patients in comparison to non-cancer subjects. Conclusions: The complications in disabled patients due to alterations in cytochrome P450 enzymes, pathophysiology, genetics, and ethnicity emphasize the significance of patient-centered drug dosing. These findings may aid healthcare physicians in refining therapeutic care in this population.