# Multistage Cyclic Dielectrophoresis for High-Resolution Sorting of Submicron Particles

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method using cyclic dielectrophoresis to improve the sorting of submicron particles, achieving better uniformity and precision.

## Contribution

The novel multistage cyclic dielectrophoresis technique enhances the monodispersity of submicron microspheres through repeated sorting cycles.

## Key findings

- The symmetric electrode design ensures uniform initial conditions for particle sorting.
- Three cycles of sorting reduced the particle size coefficient of variation from 12.3% to 5.4%.
- The method improves stability and reduces errors caused by fluid environment perturbations.

## Abstract

The precise preparation and application of nanomicrospheres is currently an emerging research hotspot in the cutting-edge cross-disciplines. As an important functional material, nanosized microspheres show a broad application prospect in biomedicine, chemical engineering, materials science, and other fields. However, microspheres with good monodispersity are still facing technical bottlenecks, such as complicated preparation process and high cost. In this study, a multistage cyclic dielectrophoresis (MC-DEP) technique is innovatively proposed to successfully realize the high-resolution sorting of submicron microspheres. A dielectrophoresis chip adopts a unique electrode design, in which the electrodes are arranged at the top and bottom of the microchannel at the same time. This symmetric electrode structure effectively eliminates the difference in the distribution of dielectrophoretic force in the perpendicular direction and ensures the homogeneity of the initial state of particle sorting. Three pairs of focusing electrodes are in the front section of the microchannel for preaggregation of the microspheres, and the deflection electrodes in the back section are to realize particle size sorting. After this, the upper and lower limits of particle size are limited by multiple cycles of sorting. The multistage cyclic sorting increases the stability of particle deflection under dielectrophoretic forces and reduces the error perturbation caused by the fluid environment. The experimental results show that the multistage cycling sorting scheme significantly improves the monodispersity of the microspheres, and the coefficient of variation of the particle size is significantly reduced from the initial 12.3% to 5.4% after three cycles of sorting, which fully verifies the superior performance of this technology.