# Genome-Informed Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Prunorum,’ Which Is Associated with European Stone Fruit Yellows

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new real-time PCR test to detect a harmful phytoplasma in stone fruits, which could help prevent economic losses in the USA.

## Contribution

A genome-informed, validated real-time PCR assay and synthetic control for detecting ‘Ca. P. prunorum’ in Prunus spp.

## Key findings

- The PE639 assay showed high linearity, repeatability, and reproducibility across platforms.
- The assay demonstrated 100% analytical and diagnostic specificity for ‘Ca. P. prunorum’.
- A synthetic gBlocks™ control was validated for use with multiple assays and platforms.

## Abstract

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ has been associated with severe disease in Prunus spp., which are commodities of economic importance in the USA. The introduction and establishment of ‘Ca. P. prunorum’ in the USA could result in huge economic losses, thus creating a need for validated diagnostic tools, which are the cornerstone of successful surveillance, quarantine, and eradication measures. Whole-genome comparisons led to the identification of a diagnostic marker gene specific to ‘Ca. P. prunorum’ (PE639). The PE639 assay was duplexed with an 18S rDNA plant internal control and compared to modified 23S (phytoplasmas) and imp (‘Ca. P. mali’) assays. The PE639 assay produced congruent results to 23S and imp assays for all metrics, demonstrating high linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision, and reproducibility. The limit of detection was comparable for all assays tested, and all demonstrated 100% analytical specificity, selectivity, and diagnostic specificity for their respective target species. Assays metrics were consistent across two platforms, the ABI QuantStudio™ 5 and Bio-Rad CFX96™ OPUS. A synthetic gBlocks™ control was designed and validated to work with all assays, as well as conventional PCR assays targeting 16S rDNA and tuf genes. These validated assays and synthetic control represent beneficial tools that support efforts to protect USA agriculture and facilitate safe trade.