# Effects of Nefopam on Postoperative Analgesia in Operating Room-Extubated Patients Undergoing Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

## TL;DR

This study shows that using nefopam during liver transplants helps reduce pain and opioid use without serious side effects in patients extubated in the operating room.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates nefopam's opioid-sparing effect and analgesic benefits in a high-risk, physiologically distinct surgical population.

## Key findings

- Nefopam reduced postoperative pain scores in the first 12 hours after surgery.
- Nefopam led to lower fentanyl consumption over 24 hours postoperatively.
- No serious adverse effects were observed with nefopam use.

## Abstract

In patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) with immediate postoperative extubation in the operating room (OR), rapid recovery of consciousness and spontaneous ventilation are essential, requiring effective analgesia without compromising respiratory function. This study evaluated whether intraoperative nefopam administration improves early postoperative pain control and reduces opioid consumption in this physiologically distinct population. A retrospective cohort of 376 adult LDLT recipients who met the criteria for OR extubation was analyzed. After propensity score matching, 182 patients who received intraoperative nefopam were compared with 182 matched controls. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS), and total fentanyl consumption and opioid-related complications were recorded over the first 24 h postoperatively. Nefopam administration was associated with significantly lower VAS scores during the first 12 h after surgery (p < 0.001) and reduced 24 h fentanyl consumption (53.2 ± 20.8 mL vs. 58.6 ± 27.5 mL, p = 0.035). No serious adverse effects related to nefopam were observed. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting did not differ significantly between the groups. These findings indicate that nefopam offers effective early analgesia and an opioid-sparing effect in LDLT recipients undergoing OR extubation, suggesting its clinical utility as a component of multimodal analgesia in this high-risk group. Although the reduction in opioid use did not translate into a decreased incidence of opioid-related complications, the favorable safety profile and analgesic efficacy of nefopam support further investigation through prospective trials to define its role in enhanced recovery protocols for OR-extubated LDLT recipients.