# Advances in the Application and Mechanism of Admixtures and Industrial By-Products in Cement-Based Self-Leveling Mortar: A Comprehensive Review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how admixtures and industrial by-products improve cement-based self-leveling mortar, promoting sustainability and performance in construction.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of standards, additives, and industrial by-products in self-leveling mortar, highlighting sustainability and performance improvements.

## Key findings

- China’s JC/T 985 standard offers more detailed testing parameters for CSL than the ISO standard.
- High molecular weight additives improve the workability of cement-based self-leveling mortar.
- Industrial by-product gypsum shows the greatest potential for application in green CSL.

## Abstract

Cement-based self-leveling mortar (CSL) is a special building material that utilizes cement as the main cementitious component, combined with a variety of admixtures. Its self-leveling characteristics enable it to effectively level and fill uneven surfaces. Additionally, the innovative green CSL developed from industrial by-products can further enhance both environmental and economic benefits. This paper systematically reviews the use of admixtures and industrial by-products in the production of CSL. The main findings include the following: (i) compared to the international ISO standard, China’s standard JC/T 985 provides more detailed testing parameters regarding fluidity, mechanical properties, and shrinkage; (ii) the effect of additives on CSL is affected by its molecular weight and structure, and high molecular weight improving the workability of the additives; (iii) industrial by-products have been effectively incorporated into CSL, leading to a reduction in reduced greenhouse gas emissions and a decreased environmental impact; (iv) macro and microanalysis results of different green CSLs show that industrial by-product gypsum has the greatest potential for application in CSL. Based on these findings, this paper offers valuable reference data for the use of admixtures and industrial by-products in CSL. Furthermore, it contributes innovatively to the sustainable development of infrastructure construction.