# Effect of Ultrasound on Dissolution of Polymeric Blends and Phase Inversion in Flat Sheet and Hollow Fiber Membranes for Ultrafiltration Applications

## TL;DR

Ultrasonic technology speeds up the dissolution of biopolymer membranes and improves their filtration performance for sustainable water treatment.

## Contribution

Ultrasonic probes significantly reduce dissolution time and enhance membrane properties via ultrasound-assisted phase inversion.

## Key findings

- Ultrasonic pulses reduced CA dissolution time by 98% without affecting polymer properties.
- UAPI increased flat sheet membrane permeability by 26% while maintaining high protein rejection.
- UAPI improved hollow fiber permeability by 15.7% and reduced protein retention with MWCO between 68 and 240 kDa.

## Abstract

In seeking alternatives for reducing environmental damage, fabricating filtration membranes using biopolymers derived from agro-industrial residues, such as cellulose acetate (CA), partially dissolved with green solvents, represents an economical and sustainable option. However, dissolving CA in green solvents through mechanical agitation can take up to 48 h. An ultrasonic probe was proposed to accelerate mass transfer and polymer dissolution via pulsed interval cavitation. Additionally, ultrasound-assisted phase inversion (UAPI) on the external coagulation bath was assessed to determine its influence on the properties of flat sheet and hollow fiber membranes during phase inversion. Results indicated that the ultrasonic pulses reduced dissolution time by up to 98% without affecting viscosity (3.24 ± 0.06 Pa·s), thermal stability, or the rheological behavior of the polymeric blend. UAPI increased water permeability in flat sheet membranes by 26% while maintaining whey protein rejection above 90%. For hollow fiber membranes, UAPI (wavelength amplitude of 0 to 20%) improved permeability by 15.7% and reduced protein retention from 90% to 70%, with MWCO between 68 and 240 kDa. This report demonstrates the effectiveness of ultrasonic probes for decreasing the dissolution time of dope solution with green cosolvents and its potential to change the structure of polymeric membranes by ultrasound-assisted phase inversion.