# Impact of Display Pixel–Aperture Ratio on Perceived Roughness, Glossiness, and Transparency

## TL;DR

This study explores how pixel-aperture ratios affect how we visually perceive object properties like glossiness and transparency.

## Contribution

The study reveals that pixel-aperture ratios significantly influence perceived glossiness and transparency, with observer differences playing a role.

## Key findings

- A 100% pixel–aperture ratio significantly affects perceived glossiness and transparency compared to a 6% ratio.
- Observer clusters showed differing perceptions, with one cluster showing large effect sizes for all attributes.
- The influence of pixel–aperture ratio varies based on individual differences and image characteristics.

## Abstract

Shitsukan, which encompasses the perception of roughness, glossiness, and transparency/translucency, represents the comprehensive visual appearance of objects and plays a crucial role in accurate reproduction across various fields, including manufacturing and imaging technologies. This study experimentally examines the impact of the pixel–aperture ratio on the perception of roughness, glossiness, and transparency. A visual evaluation experiment was conducted using natural images presented on stimuli with pixel–aperture ratios of 100% and 6%, employing an RGB sub-pixel array. The results demonstrated that the pixel–aperture ratio significantly affects the perception of glossiness and transparency, with the 100% pixel–aperture ratio producing a statistically significant effect compared to the 6% condition. However, roughness perception varied substantially among the observers, and no statistically significant effect was observed. Nonetheless, when comparing two observer clusters identified through clustering analysis, the cluster favoring the 100% pixel–aperture ratio exhibited “Huge” effect sizes for all perceptual attributes. Additionally, the findings indicate that the degree of influence of pixel–aperture ratio on glossiness and transparency is not constant and can vary depending on individual observer differences and image characteristics.