# Early Driving Pressure Is Associated with Major Adverse Kidney Events at 30 Days in ARDS Patients with SARS-CoV-2

## TL;DR

Higher early ventilator pressure in ARDS patients with SARS-CoV-2 is linked to worse kidney outcomes, and a urine biomarker can help detect kidney injury early.

## Contribution

Identifies driving pressure and uNGal as early predictors of kidney events in SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS.

## Key findings

- Higher driving pressure (ΔP) is associated with increased risk of MAKEs at 30 days.
- uNGal levels above 40 ng/mL are strongly linked to persistent acute kidney injury (pAKI).
- Older age is a significant risk factor for MAKEs in these patients.

## Abstract

Background: Major adverse kidney events (MAKEs), including death, persistent AKI (pAKI), and renal replacement therapy, are more common in SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), systemic inflammation, and hemodynamic changes drive this risk. This study examines early IMV settings and urinary kidney biomarkers (UKBs) to better understand the development of MAKEs at 30 days. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in a single center between September and October 2021. This study included adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2, requiring IMV within the first 6 h of admission. Exclusion criteria included a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and pregnant women. Initial mechanical ventilator settings were recorded after compliance-guided PEEP titration, and urine samples were collected for the analysis of UKBs at the same time. Our primary and secondary endpoints were to assess risk factors associated with MAKEs at 30 days and pAKI, respectively. Results: The cohort included 45 patients, with a median age of 57.75 (±18.64) years. In total, 32 (71%) developed MAKEs and 22 (48.8%) developed pAKI. MAKEs were associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio (aORs) = 1.23 95% CI: 1.00–1.22; p = 0.038) and higher driving pressure (ΔP) (aORs = 1.62, 95% CI:1.01–2.60, p = 0.043). Only urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGal) > 40 ng/mL was associated with pAKI (aORs = 8.54, 95% CI:1.75–41.65, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Early ventilator settings, particularly higher ΔP, play a critical role in the development of MAKEs. uN-Gal could enhance the early detection of pAKI, providing opportunities for timely interventions.