Virus-Free Micro-Corm Induction and the Mechanism of Corm Development in Taro

TL;DR

This study shows how to grow virus-free micro-corms in taro and identifies genes involved in corm development.

Contribution

The study introduces a virus-free micro-corm induction method and identifies key genes in taro corm development.

Findings

Shoot apical meristems can grow into virus-free plantlets on specific growth media.

Abscisic acid and sucrose treatments induce corm formation and activate cell division and metabolism genes.

Cell division occurs during corm formation, while carbohydrate synthesis happens during expansion.

Abstract

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is the fifth largest rhizome crop, and it is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas in the world. Vegetative propagation with virus-infected corms can lead to cultivar degradation, yield decline, and quality deterioration. In this study, the shoot apical meristems excised from taro corms infected with dasheen mosaic virus, which belongs to the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae, were cultured and treated with exogenous abscisic acid and high sucrose concentrations to induce micro-corm formation. Subsequently, candidate genes involved in micro-corm expansion were screened via transcriptome sequencing analysis. The results revealed that the shoot apical meristems could grow into adventitious shoots on the medium 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine + 0.3 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction detection indicated that dasheen mosaic virus had been successfully eliminated from the test-tube plantlets. Moreover, 8% sucrose or 3% sucrose + 5 μM abscisic acid likewise induced taro corm formation, and genes related to cell division and the cell cycle, as well as starch and sucrose metabolism pathways, were significantly enriched during taro corm expansion. Furthermore, the cyclin-dependent kinases genes, cell cycle protein kinase subunit genes, and cyclin B2 genes, which are related to cell division and the cell cycle, were upregulated with abscisic acid treatment on the 3rd day. The sucrose synthase genes, β-amylase genes, glycogen branching enzyme genes, and soluble starch synthase genes, which are related to starch and sucrose metabolism, were upregulated on the 15th day, indicating that cell division largely occurs during taro corm formation, whereas carbohydrates are synthesized during taro corm expansion.

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