Inhibition of ABCG2 by SCO-101 Enhances Chemotherapy Efficacy in Cancer

TL;DR

SCO-101 improves chemotherapy effectiveness by inhibiting proteins that cause drug resistance in cancer cells.

Contribution

SCO-101 is shown to inhibit ABCG2 and UGT1A1, reversing chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells.

Findings

SCO-101 inhibits BCRP/ABCG2 and UGT1A1, increasing intracellular drug accumulation.

High ABCG2 expression correlates with chemotherapy resistance, which is reversed by SCO-101.

SCO-101 is in clinical trials as a potential treatment for drug-resistant cancers.

Abstract

Chemotherapy resistance, particularly multidrug resistance (MDR), remains a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment, leading to high mortality rates. The development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting key molecular mechanisms to counteract drug resistance is thus an urgent clinical need. In this study, we evaluated the potential of the small molecule SCO-101 to restore chemotherapy sensitivity in drug-resistant cancer cells. Using in silico and in vitro models such as molecular docking, cell viability, colony formation, dye efflux, transporter assays and chemotherapy retention, we assessed the impact of SCO-101 on drug retention and response in several drug-resistant cancer cells. SCO-101 was found to inhibit the activity of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and UDP Glucuronosyltransferase Family 1 Member A1 (UGT1A1), two key proteins involved in drug resistance by cellular drug excretion and drug metabolism. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of these proteins by SCO-101 leads to increased intracellular drug accumulation, enhancing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy agents. Additionally, we identified a strong correlation between high ABCG2 expression and MDR in non-drug-resistant models, where cells exhibiting elevated ABCG2 levels displayed chemotherapy resistance, which was effectively reversed by SCO-101 co-treatment. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of SCO-101 in overcoming MDR by inhibiting drug efflux mechanisms and metabolism, thereby enhancing chemotherapy efficacy. SCO-101 is currently undergoing clinical trials as an orally administered drug and is considered a promising strategy for improving cancer treatment outcomes in patients with drug-resistant tumors.

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