# Extracellular Competing Endogenous RNA Networks Reveal Key Regulators of Early Amyloid Pathology Propagation in Alzheimer’s Disease

## TL;DR

This study explores how extracellular vesicles and RNA networks contribute to the spread of amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease.

## Contribution

The study identifies key non-coding RNAs and miRNA networks involved in early amyloid pathology propagation in Alzheimer’s disease.

## Key findings

- Two lncRNAs (Kcnq1ot1 and Gm42969) and a circRNA (Pum1) are key regulators in extracellular RNA networks.
- NDEV miRNAs signal to CNS cells but are disrupted by Aβ pathology in early Alzheimer’s disease.
- Aβ pathology disrupts RNA signaling, contributing to loss of long-term potentiation in early AD.

## Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small capsular bodies released by cells, mediating responses in intercellular communication. The role of EVs in Aβ pathology spreading in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain has been evidenced, although whether this occurs due to the co-transportation of Aβ peptides or contribution of other factors, such as EV-associated transcripts, remains uncertain. In vitro studies of miRNA cargo in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) show that Aβ hyperexpression alters the transcriptomic profile; however, it is not clear to what extent this causes changes at the organ level. By utilizing datasets from published studies, we generated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks for miRNAs co-expressed in NDEVs and the brain in different stages of pathology, using both an APP overexpressing neuronal model (in vitro) and brain cortices from 6- and 9-month-old APP/PSEN1 mice (in vivo). Networks integrating information from mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs showed two candidate lncRNAs (Kcnq1ot1 and Gm42969) and a circRNA (Pum1), while enrichment analyses detected that NDEVs miRNAs signal to other CNS cells and that this signal can be disrupted by Aβ pathology, contributing to the loss of long-term potentiation seen in early AD.