# Working Conditions, Musculoskeletal Pain and Wellbeing Among Hospital Surgeons: A Cross-Sectional Study

## TL;DR

This study shows that hospital surgeons in the UK are experiencing high physical and mental stress, leading to musculoskeletal pain and work-life imbalance, which could affect patient safety and their career longevity.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the physical and psychosocial challenges faced by surgeons post-pandemic and their impact on wellbeing and retirement intentions.

## Key findings

- One in six surgeons reported job dissatisfaction, and 46% experienced lower back pain.
- Better work-life balance was linked to reduced musculoskeletal pain.
- Job dissatisfaction was associated with a higher risk of early retirement intentions.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Patient safety is directly linked with health and wellbeing of healthcare workers. In the UK, COVID-19 severely disrupted healthcare, with surgeons tackling prolonged waiting lists and working longer hours under high stress. This study explored the biomechanical and psychosocial demands on hospital surgeons, as well as their experience of pain and work-life balance post-pandemic. Methods: A questionnaire was developed combining validated tools assessing physical demands; modified job demand, control, and support; the WHO-5 wellbeing index; work–life balance from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire; musculoskeletal pain; job satisfaction and retirement intentions. An online survey was developed using the Qualtrics© (Provo, UT, USA) platform and circulated through surgical networks using snowball sampling. Poisson regression modelling with robust confidence intervals was used to explore relationships between work-related factors and musculoskeletal pain, and associations with retirement intentions. Results: In total, 242 replies were received. Surgeons frequently reported strenuous occupational activities and work–life imbalance, and one in six reported job dissatisfaction. Only 17% reported no pain; the one-month prevalence of pain ranged from 46% at the lower back to 12% at the ankle, and pain was frequently disruptive. Better work–life balance had a protective effect for pain (PRR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85–0.99), while risk of pain increased with increasingly physically demanding activities at work (PRR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07) in the age- and sex-adjusted models. Job dissatisfaction was associated with intention to retire early (PRR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.02–3.27). Conclusions: This study demonstrated high physical and mental demands among surgeons and poor work–life balance. Physical and emotional links to pain were identified. Fit surgeons ensure safe patient care. Our findings suggest that surgeons were facing health issues and work–life conflict post-pandemic, potentially limiting their job satisfaction and career span. A follow-up study is recommended.