# Utilizing Balance Assessment Tools by Physical Therapists for Patients with Balance Disorders

## TL;DR

This study explores how physical therapists in Saudi Arabia use balance assessment tools and finds that some widely validated tools are underused, suggesting a need for better training and standardization.

## Contribution

The study identifies underutilized balance assessment tools and links their usage to therapist characteristics, highlighting gaps in clinical practice.

## Key findings

- The Single-Leg Stance is the most commonly used balance assessment tool among physical therapists in Saudi Arabia.
- Tools like the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment and Mini Balance Evaluation System are significantly underutilized.
- Therapist characteristics such as experience and work environment significantly influence tool preferences.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Physical therapists’ use of various balance assessment tools is essential for accurately identifying deficits and guiding rehabilitation plans. This study aimed to investigate clinical balance assessment practices in Saudi Arabia, examine physical therapists’ preferences for different balance assessment tools, and analyze how participant characteristics—such as age, experience, and practice setting—affect these preferences. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between April and July 2024 in Saudi Arabia. A total of 194 physical therapists (62.9% male; 45.9% with 1–5 years of experience) who actively manage individuals with balance disorders were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected through a self-structured questionnaire. Participants reported their use of balance assessment tools on a six-point Likert scale, incorporating both numeric and descriptive anchors. Results: The Single-Leg Stance was the most regularly used tool (54.6%), followed by the Berg Balance Scale and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) (both 43.8%). Conversely, tools such as the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (68.1%), Mini Balance Evaluation System (65.4%), and Fall Efficacy Scale International (56.2%) were the most underutilized. Significant associations were observed between tool preferences and participant characteristics, including area of practice, academic qualification, experience level, and work environment (p < 0.05). However, several validated assessment tools remain underutilized, highlighting gaps in awareness and training. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the need for greater standardization in balance assessment practices. Improving training programs, establishing clear clinical guidelines, and standardizing assessment protocols across healthcare settings can help make balance evaluations more consistent and effective.