# Blood Coagulation Favors Anti-Inflammatory Immune Responses in Whole Blood

## TL;DR

Blood coagulation reduces inflammation and boosts antioxidant activity in blood cells, promoting anti-inflammatory responses.

## Contribution

The study reveals that blood clotting enhances antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions in immunoreactive blood cells.

## Key findings

- Coagulation significantly decreases ROS activity and TNF-α secretion in LPS-stimulated blood.
- Serum has higher antioxidant activity than plasma and shows increased procalcitonin and VEGF levels.
- Coagulation does not affect secretion of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, or CRP.

## Abstract

Background: We studied the effects of human blood coagulation on antioxidant activity and the cellular secretion of immunoregulatory molecules in vitro. Methods: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity and cytokine content were determined in plasma and serum blood samples incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 3 h or 18 h. Results: Coagulation process significantly decreased ROS activity induced by LPS in blood samples from healthy donors. Human serum was found to have significantly higher antioxidant activity than plasma. Blood coagulation markedly reduced LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α by cells, without significantly affecting the secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, or C-reactive protein (CRP). Blood clotting led to an increase in LPS-induced release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by blood cells. A significant increase in procalcitonin levels was also observed in serum samples. Conclusions: Blood clotting enhances the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of immunoreactive blood cells.