# M2UNet: Multi-Scale Feature Acquisition and Multi-Input Edge Supplement Based on UNet for Efficient Segmentation of Breast Tumor in Ultrasound Images

## TL;DR

This paper introduces M2UNet, a new network for accurately segmenting breast tumors in ultrasound images, improving boundary detection and diagnostic accuracy.

## Contribution

The novel MFA and MES modules enhance multi-scale feature acquisition and edge refinement for better tumor segmentation.

## Key findings

- M2UNet achieved 79.43% mean Dice and 96.84% Pixel Accuracy on the BUSI dataset.
- The method improved malignant tumor Dice by 14.59% and reduced Hausdorff Distance by 17.13 mm compared to UNet.
- On Fujian Cancer Hospital data, M2UNet reached 90.45% Dice and 11.02 mm Hausdorff Distance.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: The morphological characteristics of breast tumors play a crucial role in the preliminary diagnosis of breast cancer. However, malignant tumors often exhibit rough, irregular edges and unclear, boundaries in ultrasound images. Additionally, variations in tumor size, location, and shape further complicate the accurate segmentation of breast tumors from ultrasound images. Methods: For these difficulties, this paper introduces a breast ultrasound tumor segmentation network comprising a multi-scale feature acquisition (MFA) module and a multi-input edge supplement (MES) module. The MFA module effectively incorporates dilated convolutions of various sizes in a serial-parallel fashion to capture tumor features at diverse scales. Then, the MES module is employed to enhance the output of each decoder layer by supplementing edge information. This process aims to improve the overall integrity of tumor boundaries, contributing to more refined segmentation results. Results: The mean Dice (mDice), Pixel Accuracy (PA), Intersection over Union (IoU), Recall, and Hausdorff Distance (HD) of this method for the publicly available breast ultrasound image (BUSI) dataset were 79.43%, 96.84%, 83.00%, 87.17%, and 19.71 mm, respectively, and for the dataset of Fujian Cancer Hospital, 90.45%, 97.55%, 90.08%, 93.72%, and 11.02 mm, respectively. In the BUSI dataset, compared to the original UNet, the Dice for malignant tumors increased by 14.59%, and the HD decreased by 17.13 mm. Conclusions: Our method is capable of accurately segmenting breast tumor ultrasound images, which provides very valuable edge information for subsequent diagnosis of breast cancer. The experimental results show that our method has made substantial progress in improving accuracy.