# Comparison of Risk Factors for Habitual Substance Use Among Adolescents in Korea by Maternal Nationality: Analysis of 18th and 19th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (2022 and 2023)

## TL;DR

This study compares substance use risks among Korean adolescents based on their mothers' nationalities, finding higher risks for multicultural youth under specific conditions.

## Contribution

The study identifies culturally specific risk factors for habitual substance use among multicultural adolescents in Korea.

## Key findings

- Multicultural adolescents had a 2.01% prevalence of habitual substance use, higher than 1.27% for those with Korean mothers.
- Risk factors varied by maternal nationality, such as family living conditions and mental health issues.
- Exposure to violence and depression significantly increased substance use risks for adolescents with Vietnamese mothers.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study identified the risk of habitual substance use among multicultural adolescents, focusing on health behavior characteristics and cultural differences based on their mother’s country of origin. Methods: This secondary data analysis used data from the 18th (2022) and 19th (2023) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys, which are repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted annually. The analyses of 82,520 adolescents included descriptive statistics, the Rao–Scott χ2 test, and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of habitual substance use among multicultural adolescents whose mothers were from the examined countries was 2.01%, which is 0.74 percentage points higher than the 1.27% prevalence observed among adolescents with Korean mothers. Among multicultural adolescents, the risk of habitual substance use was higher under specific conditions: those with Chinese mothers faced increased risks when not living with family (OR = 6.22) or smoking (OR = 12.65); Korean-Chinese adolescents had higher risks when experiencing suicidal ideation (OR = 3.41) or anxiety (OR = 8.17); and those with Vietnamese mothers were at greater risk when exposed to violence (OR = 12.42) or depression (OR = 14.06). These results underscore the role of cultural and psychological factors in adolescent substance use. Conclusions: Our findings revealed differences in risk factors based on the mother’s country of origin. These results underscore the importance of understanding adolescents’ unique characteristics and developing tailored intervention strategies that account for these cultural and familial differences.