# Contexts and Parental Management Strategies for Child-to-Parent Violence in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Qualitative Study

## TL;DR

This study explores how parents of adolescents with ADHD experience and manage child-to-parent violence, including the situations and strategies involved.

## Contribution

The study provides new qualitative insights into the contexts and parental strategies for managing child-to-parent violence in adolescents with ADHD.

## Key findings

- Parents experienced psychological, physical aggression, and movement restrictions from their children with ADHD.
- Parents used strategies like leaving the scene, rational communication, and emotional control to manage CPV.
- Parents emphasized the importance of communication training and parenting skills to prevent and mitigate CPV.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: This qualitative study was conducted to understand the experiences of parents of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) regarding experiences of child-to-parent violence (CPV), including the contexts of parent–child conflict in which CPV occurred, types of CPV, victimized parents’ feelings and responses to CPV, and parents’ strategies for better handling of CPV based on past experiences. Methods: Data from open and in-depth interviews with 18 parents who have experienced CPV perpetrated by their children with ADHD were subject to reflexive thematic analysis. Results: The results revealed various contexts in which parent–child conflicts (CPV) occurred. Parents reported the experiences of psychological aggression, physical aggression, and restrictions on movement. In addition to experiencing feelings of distress, fear, and frustration, parents adopted various strategies for coping with adolescents’ CPV, such as leaving the scene, pushing back, rational communication, controlling their own emotions, encouraging their children to express their feelings, and seeking help. Parents suggested that practicing communicating with their children using real-life examples and learning parenting skills is essential to the prevention of CPV and the mitigation of serious consequences. Conclusions: Our findings can provide healthcare professionals with key insights into the contexts of CPV and the management strategies used by parents of adolescents with ADHD.