Low-Cost 3D-Printed Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope
Brian Taeju Hwang, Weston Charles Young, Charles Campbell, Bailey Yuguan Shen

TL;DR
Researchers created a low-cost, compact 3D-printed ophthalmoscope that is safe and meets industry standards.
Contribution
The novel contribution is a low-cost, compact, and safe 3D-printed binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.
Findings
The 3D-printed BIO cost $182.26 to produce and weighed 120 g.
The device met ISO and ANSI safety and performance standards.
The design is suitable for both resource-rich and resource-limited settings.
Abstract
Background: Currently available binocular indirect ophthalmoscopes (BIOs) are large and expensive. We sought to create a compact, low-cost 3D-printed BIO. Methods: The BIO was made with off-the-shelf electronics and optical components, computer-aided design (CAD), and a consumer-grade 3D printer. Ocular light safety was tested with a spectrometer. Results: The component cost of the 3D-printed BIO was $182.26. The wireless, spectacle-style BIO weighed 120 g and was more compact than commercially available BIO's, with the advantage of a battery incorporated into the frame. The BIO met the International Organization for Standardization's standards for indirect ophthalmoscopes, as well as the American National Standards Institute's Group 1 light hazard protection standards for ophthalmic instruments. Conclusions: It is possible to produce a high-quality, low-cost BIO using CAD and 3D…
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Taxonomy
TopicsIntraocular Surgery and Lenses · Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies · Ophthalmology and Visual Health Research
