# Krüppel-like factors in mitochondrial quality control

**Authors:** M. Y. Zhang, H. Zhang, Y. M. Yao, D. W. Yang

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1554877 · Frontiers in Physiology · 2025-04-08

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) influence mitochondrial quality control, which is essential for cell health and disease treatment.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of KLFs' roles in mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion/fission, mitophagy, and unfolded protein response.

## Key findings

- KLFs regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and morphological stability.
- Pharmacological modulation of KLFs could lead to targeted therapies.
- KLFs are involved in mitophagy and mitochondrial unfolded protein response.

## Abstract

Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a group of transcription factors characterized by conserved zinc finger domains in the C-terminus, which are critically involved in basic cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, and play important roles in many pathophysiological responses. Mitochondrial homeostasis relies on a coordinated mitochondrial quality control system, which maintains the number and morphological stability and coordinates mitochondrial physiological functions through renewal and self-clearance. In this paper, we review the current advances of KLFs in mitochondrial quality control (MQC), including the potential roles and regulatory mechanisms in mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion/fission, mitophagy and mitochondrial unfolded protein response. We also introduce the specific pharmacological modulation of KLFs, expecting to transforming basic research achievements and providing the possibility of targeted therapy for KLFs.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** DNM1L (dynamin 1 like) [NCBI Gene 10059] {aka DLP1, DRP1, DVLP, DYMPLE, EMPF, EMPF1}, KLF1 (KLF transcription factor 1) [NCBI Gene 10661] {aka CDAN4A, CDAN4B, EKLF, EKLF/KLF1}, KIF5B (kinesin family member 5B) [NCBI Gene 3799] {aka HEL-S-61, KINH, KNS, KNS1, UKHC}, EP300 (EP300 lysine acetyltransferase) [NCBI Gene 2033] {aka KAT3B, MKHK2, RSTS2, p300}, DNAJA1 [NCBI Gene 100689381], MPV17 (mitochondrial inner membrane protein MPV17) [NCBI Gene 4358] {aka CMT2EE, MTDPS6, SYM1}, ELK3 (ETS transcription factor ELK3) [NCBI Gene 2004] {aka ERP, NET, SAP-2, SAP2}, AMBRA1 (autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1) [NCBI Gene 55626] {aka DCAF3, WDR94}, HMOX1 (heme oxygenase 1) [NCBI Gene 3162] {aka HMOX1D, HO-1, HSP32, bK286B10}, NFE2L2 (NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2) [NCBI Gene 4780] {aka IMDDHH, NRF2, Nrf-2}, SIRT4 (sirtuin 4) [NCBI Gene 23409] {aka SIR2L4}, KLF3 (KLF transcription factor 3) [NCBI Gene 51274] {aka BKLF}, MYO19 (myosin XIX) [NCBI Gene 80179] {aka MYOHD1}, SIN3A (SIN3 transcription regulator family member A) [NCBI Gene 25942] {aka CHR15DELq24, DEL15Q24, WITKOS}, MAP1LC3B (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) [NCBI Gene 81631] {aka ATG8F, LC3B, MAP1A/1BLC3, MAP1LC3B-a}, ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) [NCBI Gene 468] {aka CREB-2, CREB2, TAXREB67, TXREB}, BECN1 (beclin 1) [NCBI Gene 8678] {aka ATG6, VPS30, beclin1}, DDIT3 (DNA damage inducible transcript 3) [NCBI Gene 1649] {aka AltDDIT3, C/EBPzeta, CEBPZ, CHOP, CHOP-10, CHOP10}, BNIP3 (BCL2 interacting protein 3) [NCBI Gene 607408], CREB1 (cAMP responsive element binding protein 1) [NCBI Gene 1385] {aka CREB, CREB-1}, ESR1 (estrogen receptor 1) [NCBI Gene 2099] {aka ER, ESR, ESRA, ESTRR, Era, NR3A1}, TGFB1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) [NCBI Gene 7040] {aka CAEND1, CED, DPD1, IBDIMDE, LAP, TGF-beta1}, KLF18 (KLF transcription factor 18) [NCBI Gene 105378952], Pparg (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) [NCBI Gene 19016] {aka Nr1c3, PPAR-gamma, PPAR-gamma2, PPARgamma, PPARgamma2}, ATF5 (activating transcription factor 5) [NCBI Gene 22809] {aka ATFX, HMFN0395}, Klf9 (Kruppel-like transcription factor 9) [NCBI Gene 16601] {aka 2310051E17Rik, BTEB-1, Bteb1, Gm9971}, KLF11 (KLF transcription factor 11) [NCBI Gene 8462] {aka FKLF, FKLF1, MODY7, TIEG2, Tieg3}, KLF2 (KLF transcription factor 2) [NCBI Gene 10365] {aka LKLF}, CREBBP (CREB binding lysine acetyltransferase) [NCBI Gene 1387] {aka CBP, KAT3A, MKHK1, RSTS, RSTS1}, PPARGC1A (PPARG coactivator 1 alpha) [NCBI Gene 10891] {aka LEM6, PGC-1(alpha), PGC-1alpha, PGC-1v, PGC1, PGC1A}, BNIP3L (BCL2 interacting protein 3 like) [NCBI Gene 665] {aka BNIP3a, NIP3L, NIX}, MFN2 (mitofusin 2) [NCBI Gene 9927] {aka CMT2A, CMT2A2, CMT2A2A, CMT2A2B, CPRP1, HMSN6A}, SIRT5 (sirtuin 5) [NCBI Gene 23408] {aka SIR2L5}, ATP5IF1 (ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1) [NCBI Gene 93974] {aka ATPI, ATPIF1, ATPIP, IP}, SLC2A4 (solute carrier family 2 member 4) [NCBI Gene 6517] {aka GLUT4}, NOS3 (nitric oxide synthase 3) [NCBI Gene 4846] {aka EC-NOS, ECNOS, MYMY8, NOSIII, cNOS, eNOS}, KLF4 (KLF transcription factor 4) [NCBI Gene 481657], PRKN (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) [NCBI Gene 5071] {aka AR-JP, LPRS2, PARK2, PDJ}, RABGEF1 (RAB guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) [NCBI Gene 27342] {aka RABEX5, RAP1, rabex-5}, INS (insulin) [NCBI Gene 3630] {aka IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10}, TWIST2 (twist family bHLH transcription factor 2) [NCBI Gene 117581] {aka AMS, BBRSAY, DERMO1, FFDD3, SETLSS, bHLHa39}, ATG7 (autophagy related 7) [NCBI Gene 10533] {aka APG7-LIKE, APG7L, GSA7, SCAR31}, MFF (mitochondrial fission factor) [NCBI Gene 56947] {aka C2orf33, EMPF2, GL004}, KLF9 (KLF transcription factor 9) [NCBI Gene 687] {aka BTEB, BTEB1}, PTK2B (protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta) [NCBI Gene 2185] {aka CADTK, CAKB, FADK2, FAK2, PKB, PTK}, KLF17 (KLF transcription factor 17) [NCBI Gene 128209] {aka ZLF393, ZNF393, Zfp393}, FUNDC1 (FUN14 domain containing 1) [NCBI Gene 139341], Mtfp1 (mitochondrial fission process 1) [NCBI Gene 67900] {aka 1700020C11Rik, 2610507A21Rik, Mtp18}, HSPA5 (heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5) [NCBI Gene 3309] {aka BIP, GRP78, HEL-S-89n}, PINK1 (PTEN induced kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 65018] {aka BRPK, PARK6}, Klf6 (Kruppel-like transcription factor 6) [NCBI Gene 23849] {aka BCD1, CPBP, Copeb, FM2, FM6, Ierepo1}, SOX2 (SRY-box transcription factor 2) [NCBI Gene 6657] {aka ANOP3, MCOPS3}, NGEF (neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor) [NCBI Gene 25791] {aka ARHGEF27, EPHEXIN}, POU5F1 (POU class 5 homeobox 1) [NCBI Gene 5460] {aka OCT3, OCT4, OCT4Borf1, OTF-3, OTF3, OTF4}, COX4I1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1) [NCBI Gene 1327] {aka COX IV-1, COX4, COX4-1, COXIV, COXIV-1, MC4DN16}, HSPA1L [NCBI Gene 100760804], KLF10 (KLF transcription factor 10) [NCBI Gene 7071] {aka EGR-alpha, EGRA, TIEG, TIEG1}, NRF1 (nuclear respiratory factor 1) [NCBI Gene 4899] {aka ALPHA-PAL}, BCL2 (BCL2 apoptosis regulator) [NCBI Gene 596] {aka Bcl-2, PPP1R50}, EIF5A (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A) [NCBI Gene 1984] {aka EIF-5A, EIF5A1, FABAS, eIF-4D, eIF5AI}
- **Diseases:** autoimmune arthritis (MESH:D001168), atherosclerotic lesions (MESH:D050197), tissue injury (MESH:D017695), injury (MESH:D014947), glioblastoma (MESH:D005909), sepsis (MESH:D018805), cartilage degeneration (MESH:D002357), diabetic myocardium injury (MESH:D003920), MQC (MESH:D007174), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (MESH:D054990), diabetic nephropathy (MESH:D003928), cardiac dysfunction (MESH:D006331), Cancer (MESH:D009369), AAA (MESH:D017544), hepatocellular carcinoma (MESH:D006528), myocardial injury (MESH:D009202), HIV-associated nephropathy (MESH:D016263), diabetic cardiomyopathy (MESH:D058065), mitochondrial fragmentation (MESH:D012892), cardiac pump failure (MESH:D006333), NPC (MESH:D052556), ischemic heart disease (MESH:D017202), depression (MESH:D003866), colorectal cancer (MESH:D015179), respiratory dysfunction (MESH:D012131), kidney diseases (MESH:D007674), cervical cancer (MESH:D002583), inflammatory (MESH:D007249), myocardial fibrosis (MESH:D005355), acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) deficiencies (MESH:D052536), metabolic diseases (MESH:D008659), stroke (MESH:D020521), insulin resistance (MESH:D007333), Renal pathologies (MESH:D002114), liver and myocardial injury (MESH:D008107), damage (MESH:D020263), obesity (MESH:D009765), embryonic lethality (MESH:D020964), pulmonary arterial hypertension (MESH:D000081029), Osteoarthritis (MESH:D010003), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (MESH:D029424), Parkinson's disease (MESH:D010300), cardiac hypertrophy (MESH:D006332), chronic kidney disease (MESH:D051436), lysosomal storage diseases (MESH:D016464), osteoporosis (MESH:D010024), carcinogenesis (MESH:D063646), liver injury (MESH:D017093), Cardiovascular disorders (MESH:D002318), toxicity (MESH:D064420), epidermoid carcinoma (MESH:D002294), pulmonary hypertension (MESH:D006976), FSGS (MESH:D005923), behavioral deficits (MESH:D019958), Hepatic and neurological disorders (MESH:D009461), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (MESH:D008228), cardiac toxicity (MESH:D066126), mammary tumor (MESH:D015674), Mitochondrial dysfunction (MESH:D028361), hypoxia (MESH:D000860)
- **Chemicals:** urea nitrogen (MESH:C530477), glycine (MESH:D005998), superoxide (MESH:D013481), glucose (MESH:D005947), ROS (MESH:D017382), cardiolipin (MESH:D002308), Kenpaullone (MESH:C119620), creatinine (MESH:D003404), DON (MESH:C007262), sucrose (MESH:D013395), DOX (MESH:D004317), amino acid (MESH:D000596), ATP (MESH:D000255), lipid (MESH:D008055), ML264 (-), CCCP (MESH:D002258), Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (MESH:C045651), calcium (MESH:D002118), ceramides (MESH:D002518), triglyceride (MESH:D014280), acid (MESH:D000143), NAD+ (MESH:D009243)
- **Species:** Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Rattus norvegicus (brown rat, species) [taxon 10116], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly, species) [taxon 7227], Canis lupus familiaris (dog, subspecies) [taxon 9615]
- **Cell lines:** A431 — Homo sapiens (Human), Skin squamous cell carcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0037), L6 — Mus musculus (Mouse), Hybridoma (CVCL_XK50)

## Full text

_Full body text omitted from this summary view._ Fetch the complete paper as Markdown: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12011804/full.md

## Figures

5 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12011804/full.md

## References

118 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12011804/full.md

---
Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12011804