# Unilateral Graves’ Disease With Ipsilateral Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Case Report

## TL;DR

This case report describes a rare instance of one-sided Graves' disease combined with thyroid cancer on the same side, stressing the need for thorough diagnosis.

## Contribution

The paper presents the first documented case of unilateral Graves' disease with ipsilateral thyroid cancer in Saudi Arabia.

## Key findings

- Unilateral Graves' disease combined with ipsilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma is extremely rare.
- The case underscores the importance of imaging and fine needle aspiration for accurate diagnosis in atypical presentations.
- This is the third global and first Saudi case of unilateral Graves' disease with ipsilateral thyroid malignancy.

## Abstract

Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder characterized by diffuse goiter and hyperthyroidism, is commonly associated with bilateral thyroid involvement. However, unilateral Graves' disease is an extremely rare entity. Additionally, patients with Graves' disease have an increased risk of thyroid malignancy, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which often presents with aggressive histological features. This case highlights the rare occurrence of unilateral Graves' disease with ipsilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma, emphasizing the importance of careful diagnostic assessment, including imaging and fine needle aspiration (FNA), in patients with atypical presentations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case of unilateral Graves' disease with ipsilateral thyroid malignancy and the first case documented in Saudi Arabia.