# Neuroendocrine Sarcoidosis: A Rare Bird

## TL;DR

This paper discusses the rare condition of neuroendocrine sarcoidosis, highlighting the diagnostic challenges when it first presents.

## Contribution

The paper presents a case report emphasizing the difficulty in diagnosing neuroendocrine sarcoidosis as a primary symptom.

## Key findings

- Neurosarcoidosis can mimic other neurological conditions, making diagnosis difficult.
- Pituitary and hypothalamic glands are most commonly affected in endocrine sarcoidosis.
- Biopsy remains the definitive diagnostic method for central nervous system sarcoidosis.

## Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a systemic auto-inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by granuloma formation and can affect any organ. While it commonly affects the lungs and the lymphatic system, it can also involve the central nervous system, leading to neurosarcoidosis or the endocrine system and subsequent multiple endocrinal pathologies. Neurosarcoidosis can affect any part of the nervous system and therefore manifests with variable symptoms mimicking other neurological pathologies. Any endocrine gland can be infiltrated by sarcoidosis; however, the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus are the most frequently infiltrated, while thyroid sarcoidosis cases remain rare. Only a biopsy of a suspected lesion is considered to be a definitive diagnostic method, which makes diagnosing central nervous system sarcoidosis particularly challenging. This case report highlights the challenges of diagnosing neuroendocrine sarcoidosis as the first presentation.