# Hidden β-γ Dehydrogenation Products in Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Unveiled by NMR: Implications on Lipid Metabolism

## TL;DR

This study reveals a new product of fatty acid oxidation using NMR, suggesting a novel pathway in lipid metabolism.

## Contribution

Discovery of γ-oxidation products in fatty acid oxidation, indicating a new catalytic pathway.

## Key findings

- Identified (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA as the α-β-dehydrogenation product.
- Discovered E and Z stereoisomers of 3-hexadecenoyl-CoA as γ-oxidation products.
- Suggested a regulatory role for ACAD9 and VLCAD in fatty acid metabolism.

## Abstract

We present a comprehensive analysis of the initial α,β-dehydrogenation
step in long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). We focused
on palmitoyl-CoA oxidized by two mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenases,
very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
family member 9 (ACAD9), both implicated in mitochondrial diseases.
By combining MS and NMR, we identified the (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA
as the expected α-β-dehydrogenation product and also the E and Z stereoisomers of 3-hexadecenoyl-CoA:
a “γ-oxidation” product. This finding reveals
an alternative catalytic pathway in mitochondrial FAO, suggesting
a potential regulatory role for ACAD9 and VLCAD during fatty acid
metabolism.