# Modeling lifetime and count data using a unified flexible family: Its discrete counterpart, properties, and inference

**Authors:** Ahmed Z. Afify, Maha M. Helmi, Hassan M. Aljohani, Sara M. A. Alsheikh, Hisham A. Mahran

PMC · DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319091 · 2025-04-17

## TL;DR

This paper introduces new statistical models for analyzing lifetime and count data, showing they outperform existing models in various real-world applications.

## Contribution

The paper proposes two new flexible families of distributions with an extra shape parameter for modeling monotonic and non-monotonic hazard rates.

## Key findings

- The MKM-G and DMKM-G families offer better flexibility in modeling real data from multiple fields.
- Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed estimation methods.
- Real data analysis shows the new models fit better than existing continuous and discrete distributions.

## Abstract

In this article, two flexible classes called the modified Kavya–Manoharan-G (MKM-G) and discrete modified Kavya–Manoharan-G (DMKM-G) families are investigated. The two proposed families provide more flexibility for modeling real-lifetime and count data from environmental, medical, engineering, and educational fields. Due to the new extra shape parameter of the two proposed families, their special sub-models are capable of modeling monotonic and non-monotonic hazard rates. The basic properties of the MKM-G family are studied. Eight classical approaches of estimation are used for estimating the MKM-exponential (MKME) parameters. The performances of the estimators are explored using simulation results. Additionally, the DMKM-exponential (DMKME) distribution is defined. Finally, the importance and flexibility of the MKME and DMKME distributions are addressed by fitting seven real-lifetime and count data from aforementioned applied fields. The real data analysis shows that the special models of the two classes are good candidates and can provide close fit as compared to well-known competing continuous and discrete distributions.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** PDF (peptide deformylase, mitochondrial) [NCBI Gene 64146], IL6 (interleukin 6) [NCBI Gene 3569] {aka BSF-2, BSF2, CDF, HGF, HSF, IFN-beta-2}
- **Diseases:** G (MESH:D004314), DMKM-G (MESH:D021922), bladder cancer (MESH:D001749), cancer (MESH:D009369)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]
- **Cell lines:** MKME — Mus musculus (Mouse), Hybridoma (CVCL_XA34)

## Figures

50 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12005568/full.md

---
Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12005568