# Whisking and locomotion are jointly represented in superior colliculus neurons

## TL;DR

This study shows that the midbrain superior colliculus in mice encodes both whisking and movement to track self-motion and body position.

## Contribution

The study reveals a joint representation of whisking and locomotion in the superior colliculus for self-motion estimation.

## Key findings

- SC neurons' firing rates are accurately predicted by whisker motion and locomotion speed.
- Neural activity reflects past, present, or future movements, suggesting trajectory estimation.
- Combined whisking features predict whisker angle with high temporal resolution.

## Abstract

Active sensation requires the brain to interpret external stimuli against an ongoing estimate of body position. While internal estimates of body position are often ascribed to the cerebral cortex, we examined the midbrain superior colliculus (SC), due to its close relationship with the sensory periphery as well as higher, motor-related brain regions. Using high-density electrophysiology and movement tracking, we discovered that the on-going kinematics of whisker motion and locomotion speed accurately predict the firing rate of mouse SC neurons. Neural activity was best predicted by movements occurring either in the past, present, or future, indicating that the SC population continuously estimates a trajectory of self-motion. A combined representation of slow and fast whisking features predicted absolute whisker angle at high temporal resolution. Sensory reafference played at least a partial role in shaping this feature tuning. Taken together, these data indicate that the SC contains a joint representation of whisking and locomotor features that is potentially useful in guiding complex orienting movements involving the face and limbs.

To navigate the world, the brain needs to have internal models of self-motion, for example of whisker movement in mice. This study shows how neurons in the midbrain superior colliculus encode internal and external signals to build an accurate representation of whisker position and locomotion speed.