# Analysis of the treatment outcome of duodenal varices: A retrospective case series of 15 patients from a single institution

## TL;DR

This study examines the treatment outcomes of 15 patients with rare duodenal varices, finding that tailored approaches like endoscopic ligation or transvenous obliteration can effectively manage these varices.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into effective treatment strategies for duodenal varices based on individual patient hemodynamics.

## Key findings

- Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration achieved curative results in 8 out of 9 cases.
- Percutaneous transhepatic variceal obliteration was effective in 3 anatomically challenging cases.
- Gastroesophageal varices worsened in 58.1% of patients within 4 years after treatment.

## Abstract

Duodenal varices (DVs) are a rare type of ectopic varices occurring in portal hypertension, for which no standardized treatment strategy has been established. This retrospective study analyzed the outcomes of DV treatments in 15 patients.

All enrolled patients with DVs were treated at a single institution Hospital between 2011 and 2022. The treatment procedure and outcome were analyzed retrospectively.

Six patients presented with hemorrhagic DVs. Endoscopic variceal ligation was used for initial hemostasis in five bleeding cases. Balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration was the initial treatment in nine cases, achieving curative obliteration in eight cases. Percutaneous transhepatic variceal obliteration was performed as the initial treatment in three cases for which balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration was difficult to perform for anatomical reasons, and all cases achieved curative obliterations. Splenectomy was performed as the initial treatment in three patients due to complicating gastroesophageal varices. DVs recurred in two cases with splenectomy after approximately 1 year, but balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration and percutaneous transhepatic variceal obliteration were curatively applied in each case, and no recurrence has been observed since then. Gastroesophageal varices aggravated after the initial DV treatment in eight of the 15 cases during the observation period, and the cumulative aggravating rate was 58.1% at 4 years.

All 15 cases with DVs were preferably controlled by selecting appropriate treatment based on individual hemodynamics of varices. Because of the relatively high rate of aggravation of gastroesophageal varices, careful long‐term follow‐up may be important for the treatment of DVs.