Multivariate Neural Markers of Individual Differences in Thought Control Difficulties

TL;DR

The study finds brain activity patterns linked to difficulty controlling thoughts, which could help identify people with mental health issues.

Contribution

It introduces multivariate neural markers for thought control difficulties using fMRI data from specific working memory tasks.

Findings

Greater thought control difficulties correlate with less differentiated brain activity in frontoparietal and default mode networks.

Individuals with higher difficulties show less distinct connectivity patterns in the default mode network during tasks.

These neural markers explain over 30% of the variance in self-reported thought control difficulties.

Abstract

Difficulties in controlling thought, including pathological rumination, worry, and intrusive thoughts, occur in a range of mental health disorders. Here we identify specific patterns of brain activity distributed within and across canonical brain networks that are associated with self-reported difficulties in controlling one’s thoughts. These activity patterns were derived using multivariate pattern analysis on fMRI data recorded while participants engaged in one of four operations on an item in working memory: maintaining it, replacing it with another, specifically suppressing it, or clearing the mind of all thought. Individuals who reported greater difficulties exhibited brain activation patterns that were more variable and less differentiated across the four operations in frontoparietal and default mode networks, and showed less distinct patterns of connectivity within the default mode network. These activity profiles were absent during rest but serve as promising task-based neural markers, explaining over 30% of the variance in thought control difficulties.