# Progress in the application of molecular imaging technology in immunological tolerance and immune metabolism visualization research

**Authors:** Kailang Li, Fang Xie, Yongfu Xiong, Jin Jiang, Bifan Huang

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1583228 · Frontiers in Immunology · 2025-04-01

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how molecular imaging technologies help visualize immune tolerance and metabolism, aiding in disease diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

The paper highlights recent advancements in molecular imaging applications for immunological tolerance and immune metabolism.

## Key findings

- Molecular imaging enables real-time monitoring of immune tolerance and metabolism in living organisms.
- Advances in optical, nuclear, and magnetic resonance imaging improve visualization of immune processes.
- These technologies support new strategies for early diagnosis and immunotherapy.

## Abstract

Immunological tolerance and immune metabolism play crucial roles in maintaining immune homeostasis and the immune response to diseases. The advancement of molecular imaging technologies, particularly optical molecular imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging, has led to a significant progress in the visualization of immune tolerance and immune metabolism. Molecular imaging technologies enable real-time monitoring and analysis of dynamic changes in immune tolerance mechanisms and immune metabolism in living organisms, allowing the development of new strategies for early disease diagnosis, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. This article reviews the latest advancements in the application of molecular imaging technologies in the fields of immunological tolerance and immune metabolism, with a focus on their applications in the regulation of immune tolerance regulation, immune metabolism, and immunotherapy.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1) [NCBI Gene 5133] {aka ADMIO4, AIMTBS, CD279, PD-1, PD1, SLEB2}, CD274 (CD274 molecule) [NCBI Gene 29126] {aka ADMIO5, B7-H, B7H1, PD-L1, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1}
- **Diseases:** autoimmune diseases (MESH:D001327), Tumor (MESH:D009369), inflammatory (MESH:D007249), neuroinflammation (MESH:D000090862), breast cancer (MESH:D001943), toxicity (MESH:D064420)
- **Chemicals:** glucose (MESH:D005947), fatty acids (MESH:D005227), 18F-FDG (MESH:D019788), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (MESH:D006152), ESNF13 (-), DNP (MESH:D019297), adenosine triphosphate (MESH:D000255), glutamine (MESH:D005973), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (MESH:D000242)
- **Species:** Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## Figures

2 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11996769/full.md

## References

36 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11996769/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11996769