# Influence of agroclimatic factors on the efficiency of multi-ovulation in cattle in the Peruvian tropics

## TL;DR

This study examines how climate factors affect the reproductive efficiency of cattle in the Peruvian tropics, focusing on multi-ovulation and embryo production.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into how agroclimatic stress, particularly temperature and humidity, influences cattle reproduction in tropical regions.

## Key findings

- The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) significantly affects bovine stress and embryo production.
- Stress peaks under adverse conditions impact viable and non-viable embryo counts.
- Breed adaptability and resilience influence responses to environmental stress.

## Abstract

Agroclimatic conditions are key determinants in the development of animal production and reproduction, with specific breed differences in vulnerability to environmental stress. This research aims to determine the influence of agroclimatic factors on the efficiency of multi-ovulation in cattle in the Peruvian tropics.

The study was conducted at the “El Porvenir” Agricultural Experimental Station (EEA) of the National Institute of Agricultural Innovation (INIA), located in the district of Juan Guerra, province and department of San Martín, Peru. Throughout a year, four collections of structures were made from 12 Bos indicus donor cows from the genetic nucleus of the PROMEG Tropical project every 2 months under intensive breeding conditions. The cows were classified according to their production: milk (five individuals of the Gyr breed and two of the Guzerat breed) and meat (two individuals of the Nelore breed and three of the Brahman breed), with ages of 3 and 4 years, selected based on specific criteria: regular estrous cycles, no deformities or reproductive problems, and certified pedigree registration. During each collection protocol, the number of viable structures (blastocysts and morulas), non-viable structures (unfertilized oocytes-UFO and degenerated), and agroclimatic factors [temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), precipitation (mm), wind speed (m/s), and the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI)] were evaluated at three times (6 a.m., 1 p.m., and 6 p.m.). A longitudinal experimental design was used for the analysis. Statistical tests were applied, including ANOVA and post-hoc tests (Tukey's Test), to assess the significance of differences between variables, such as the humidity index and temperature in relation to the production of viable structures and non-viable structures. Data visualization was achieved using R Studio libraries, including ggplot2, factoextra, and FactoMineR.

The analyses highlight the influence of the interaction between humidity and temperature, resulting in THI on bovine stress, revealing complex interactions that primarily affect embryo production. Stress peaks, especially under adverse conditions, were observed to significantly impact animal health.

This response to stress can affect both overall well-being and productive performance. Additionally, it should be noted that this impact varies according to the adaptability and resilience of the breed. Therefore, it is suggested to continue this study, as the literature on this topic is limited, and to conduct further research to optimize the well-being and productivity of livestock.

Created by Lizeth Amparo Heredia Vilchez - 2025. Microsoft® PowerPoint® for Microsoft 365, MSO (version 2408, build 16.0.17928.20114) for 64-bit systems.