# Efficacy of Rhythmic Photic Stimulation for Autonomic Nervous System Regulation in University Students

## TL;DR

This study explores how rhythmic light stimulation affects stress and autonomic nervous system responses in university students, finding theta-frequency light most effective.

## Contribution

The study provides new evidence on the effectiveness of theta-frequency rhythmic photic stimulation for autonomic regulation in students.

## Key findings

- Theta-frequency RPS reduced blood pressure in non-depressed students compared to other frequencies.
- Depressed students showed increased sympathetic activity after theta-RPS compared to non-depressed peers.
- RPS at theta frequency significantly influenced autonomic nervous system regulation.

## Abstract

University students frequently encounter stress and anxiety, impacting their autonomic nervous system and mental health. Rhythmic photic stimulation (RPS) at various frequencies is considered a potential intervention for anxiety and depression, but its effectiveness is not fully understood. This research aimed to assess the impact of RPS at theta (6 Hz), alpha (10 Hz), and beta (25 Hz) frequencies on autonomic nervous system regulation in university students, comparing the effects between those with and without depression symptoms. Conducted at a southern Taiwan university, this quasi-experimental study involved RPS interventions at specified frequencies, with pre and post assessments of heartbeat, blood pressure, and heart rate variability. Among 62 participants (average age 20.29±0.61), those without depression showed a notable blood pressure reduction following theta-frequency RPS compared to other frequencies (p<0.05). A similar pattern was observed when comparing non-depressed and depressed participants after theta-RPS, with depressed individuals experiencing an increase in sympathetic activity (p<0.05). RPS, particularly at theta frequency, can significantly influence the autonomic nervous system, suggesting a potential for reducing anxiety-related physiological markers in university students. Further verification with a larger and longitudinal study is warranted.