# COVID-19 guidelines and media influenced ethical care in nursing homes

## TL;DR

This study explores how changing guidelines and media coverage during the early pandemic created ethical challenges for nursing home staff.

## Contribution

The study highlights the ethical struggles of healthcare workers in nursing homes due to evolving guidelines and media influence.

## Key findings

- Nursing home staff faced ethical challenges from guidelines developed without professional input.
- Media coverage was seen as biased and undermined trust in healthcare delivery.
- Collaborative guideline development and professional support are needed during crises.

## Abstract

The early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic affected nursing homes and their residents heavily. Guidelines on how to mitigate the virus’s spread and ensuring safe healthcare delivery were continually evolving. Concurrently, nursing homes faced intense media scrutiny. This challenging environment severely impacted registered nurses and physicians employed within these facilities.

To understand the ethical challenges experienced by registered nurses and physicians working in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Qualitative descriptive research using thematic analysis.

Individual online interviews with four registered nurses and eight physicians clinically active at nursing homes in Sweden.

The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. All participants provided written consent.

Registered nurses and physicians working in nursing homes perceived ethical challenges stemming from early COVID-19 pandemic guidelines and media coverage. The main theme generated was ‘Struggling to maintain professional and ethical standards under pressure’ incorporating two subthemes: ‘Guidelines developed without the profession put pressure on staff’ and ‘Media’s biased reporting was perceived as unethical and undermined care’. Guidelines from the authorities were considered as developed without professional involvement. It made them difficult to adhere to without deviating from professional and ethical compasses. Media coverage adversely influenced relatives’ perceptions, resulting in mistrust towards physicians’ and registered nurses’ in delivering optimal care for the residents.

Resilient care in nursing homes necessitates the collaborative development of guidelines involving registered nurses and physicians, particularly amidst crises. Moreover, it is vital to provide support to registered nurses navigating ethical dilemmas, especially during pandemics. Guidelines and principles for care during a crisis should be development with professional involvement, be transparent, and be available to the public, to promote neutral media coverage. Future research is crucial to enhance ethical standards and tackle challenges in this context.