# Epidemiology of Burden of Prostate Cancer in Iran during 2009-2019: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

## TL;DR

This study examines the rising rates of prostate cancer in Iran from 2009 to 2019, highlighting the need for early detection and research into its causes.

## Contribution

The study provides updated epidemiological data on prostate cancer in Iran using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

## Key findings

- Bushehr province had the highest rates of prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and burden.
- A strong positive correlation was found between prostate cancer incidence and the Human Development Index.
- Several provinces showed significant annual increases in prostate cancer rates and related health burdens.

## Abstract

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiological situation concerning the incidence, prevalence, and burden of prostate cancer in Iran from 2009 to 2019.

The present research is a descriptive-analytical study. To assess the spatial distribution of prostate cancer, data on the incidence, mortality, Disability-adjusted life years (DALY), Years of Life Lost due to premature mortality (YLL), and Years of Life Lost due to disability (YLD) in each province of Iran from 2009 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 website. The incidence and mortality zoning in Iran was mapped using the ArcGIS 10.3 environment. The two-variable Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data extracted to study the correlation between PC and the Human Development Index.

The highest Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) of prostate cancer (40.55 per 100,000), mortality (17.09 per 100,000), YLL (254.1 per 100,000), YLD (23.88 per 100,000), and DALY (277.98 per 100,000) is related to Bushehr province. The results of the Pearson correlation reveal a positive and statistically significant correlation between the ASIR of prostate cancer and the Human Development Index (r=0.651, P=0.0001) in Iran. The highest Percentage of Annual Changes (PAC) in ASIR, Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR), Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR), YLL, YLD, and DALY were related to the provinces of West Azarbayejan (62.9%), Golestan (30.86%), West Azarbayejan (87.66%), Golestan (29.38%), West Azarbayejan (76.95%), and Alborz (31.45%), respectively.

The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in all provinces of the country are on the rise. Therefore, screening programs for early detection to reduce the mortality of the disease, and etiology studies to identify the causes of increased incidence and related factors, can be effective in controlling this cancer in the country.