# Bottom and Top Internodes Subjected to Interactions with Genotype in Miscanthus: Impact of Biochemical Composition and Anatomy on Stem-Based Composites Mechanical Properties

## TL;DR

This study shows that the position of stem internodes in Miscanthus grass affects the mechanical properties of composites made from them, with species and genotype playing a key role.

## Contribution

The study reveals genotype × internode interactions and how anatomical and biochemical differences influence composite mechanical properties in Miscanthus.

## Key findings

- Bottom and top internodes showed different modulus values (3203 vs. 2988 MPa), but similar tensile strength.
- Miscanthus sinensis clones showed more stable mechanical properties than M. × giganteus clones.
- Top internodes with fewer vascular bundles and more parenchyma tissue had better mechanical properties.

## Abstract

Miscanthus (Miscanthus Andersson) is a perennial grass for which biomaterials market has taken growing interest. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of stem internode position in Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis and the impact of its anatomy and biochemical composition on internode-based composites’ mechanical properties. Stems’ bottom and top internodes were sampled for two genotypes of each species in two different years and separately added to a polypropylene matrix, and the mechanical properties of the internode-reinforced composites were measured. Before composite production, the internodes were extensively phenotyped for biochemical composition and anatomy. Stems’ bottom and top internode-based composites yielded different modulus (3203 and 2988 MPa, respectively), while tensile strength was similar (36.4 and 36.5 MPa, respectively). Significant genotype × internode interactions occurred for most variables, mainly due to differences among species, since both Miscanthus sinensis clones proved to be more stable than both Miscanthus × giganteus clones for modulus (4% and 10.2%, respectively). Regarding tensile strength, the species showed small but opposite differences between internodes. Tensile strength and modulus were rather close only in the top internodes, where good mechanical properties were associated with the lowest values of vascular bundles number and section area and highest parenchyma tissue, while opposite results were obtained in the bottom ones, only for tensile strength. Miscanthus sinensis species proved to be interesting for the stability improvement of composite mechanical properties. It appears essential for experimental purposes to stratify the sampling by internode in order to be representative of the whole stem.