# Multi-Node Small Radar Network Deployment Optimization in 3D Terrain

## TL;DR

This paper improves radar network deployment by using a realistic 3D terrain model and advanced optimization techniques.

## Contribution

Introduces the parabolic equation model and LECR for optimizing radar coverage in 3D terrain.

## Key findings

- Using the parabolic equation model improves coverage accuracy in complex terrains.
- NSGA-III effectively solves the multi-objective optimization problem for radar deployment.
- Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

## Abstract

When deploying multi-node small radar networks in cities or mountains, it is crucial to consider the influence of terrain. The propagation of radio waves in areas with known three-dimensional (3D) terrain differs significantly from that in free space. However, existing radar deployment optimization methods often rely on simplistic propagation models that do not accurately capture the variations in coverage at different heights. Therefore, the parabolic equation model (PEM) is first introduced to radar network deployment considering terrain constraints. After obtaining coverage results for different altitude layers, the Layered Effective Coverage Rate (LECR) is proposed as our optimization objective. Then, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) is employed to address this multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the superiority of introducing PEM and the effectiveness of NSGA-III.