# Using an Electronic Goniometer to Assess the Influence of Single-Application Kinesiology Taping on Unstable Shoulder Proprioception and Function

## TL;DR

This study evaluates how kinesiology taping affects shoulder joint stability and function in patients with shoulder instability using a new electronic goniometer.

## Contribution

The study introduces the use of the Propriometer goniometer to assess kinesiology taping effects on shoulder proprioception.

## Key findings

- Kinesiology taping did not significantly improve shoulder proprioception.
- Patients reported improved shoulder function and stability after taping.
- The Propriometer proved effective for assessing shoulder joint position sense.

## Abstract

Background: Glenohumeral joint instability is associated with a proprioception deficit. Joint position sense can be improved through targeted exercises and kinesiology taping (KT). While previous studies have examined the effects of KT on proprioception, most have focused on the knee joint, with limited research on unstable shoulder joints. Most studies have used commonly available equipment (e.g., the Biodex system). An electronic goniometer, the “Propriometer”, is a useful tool for assessing proprioception in shoulder joint instability; however, its application in evaluating the effects of KT on shoulder proprioception remains unexplored. This study aimed to (1) assess the usability of the Propriometer for evaluating the effects of KT on unstable shoulders and (2) determine the impact of a single KT application on joint position sense and limb function in individuals with anterior, post-traumatic shoulder joint instability. Methods and Materials: The study included 30 individuals with anterior, unilateral, post-traumatic shoulder joint instability (8 women, 22 men, mean age 26 years). A control group consisted of 35 healthy volunteers (9 women, 26 men, mean age 24 years). Proprioception assessment (active joint position reproduction evaluation) was performed in both groups using the Propriometer, which measures joint position in real time with an accuracy of 0.1° across all axes. The study methodology was validated and used to examine shoulder proprioception. The current study focused on assessing the effects of KT, which had not been previously tested with this device Assessments were conducted before KT application and three days’ post-application. Additionally, patients completed the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) self-assessment questionnaire before and three days after the therapy. Results: Results of the mean joint position reproduction error indicate a proprioceptive deficit in patients with shoulder joint instability. However, the analyzed KT application did not show a significant change in the magnitude of the active joint position reproduction error. Conversely, KT therapy significantly improved patients’ subjective assessment of shoulder function and stability as measured by the WOSI. Conclusions: The Propriometer goniometer and testing methodology are effective tools for assessing the impact of KT on proprioception in shoulder instability. While KT application did not significantly influence shoulder proprioception, it did improve patients’ perceived joint stability and function.