# A Novel Column-Switching Method Coupled with Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Online Analysis of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether and Its Derivatives in Canned Beverages

## TL;DR

A new method using column-switching and supercritical fluid chromatography is developed to detect harmful BADGEs in canned beverages efficiently.

## Contribution

A novel online analytical method integrating column-switching with supercritical fluid chromatography for trace-level BADGE analysis.

## Key findings

- The method achieved good linearity for BADGEs with calibration curves from 0.02 μg/mL to 10.00 μg/mL.
- Low detection and quantification limits (LOD and LOQ) were achieved, ranging from 0.0024–0.0035 μg/mL and 0.0080–0.0116 μg/mL.
- The method showed recovery rates between 85.6% and 105.5% with relative standard deviations under 11.8%.

## Abstract

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its related derivatives (BADGEs for short) are reactive epoxides condensed from bisphenol A (BPA) and epichlorohydrin. Nowadays, they are heavily used as additives in the production process of food and beverage contacting materials. However, BADGEs are considered as emerging organic pollutants due to their high toxicity including cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity. In this work, an online analytical method integrated column-switching technique with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was proposed for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its derivatives. In this process, a homemade column was utilized in the first dimension of the column-switching SFC system to preconcentrate the analytes as well as eliminate interferences online. Under the optimal conditions, the obtained calibration curves for BADGEs showed good linearity ranging from 0.02 μg/mL to 10.00 μg/mL, while the values of LOD and LOQ were in the range of 0.0024–0.0035 μg/mL and 0.0080–0.0116 μg/mL, respectively. The optimized method exhibited a good recovery ranging from 85.6% to 105.5% with relative standard deviations less than 11.8%. The developed method provides an eco-friendly and effective way for the rapid and automated analysis of BADGEs at trace levels in canned beverages and can be applied to the high-throughput analysis of other similar matrices.