# Synthesis, Structure, and Optoelectronic Properties of a Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite with a Monoethanolammonium Cation MAxMEA1−xPbI3

## TL;DR

This paper explores a new hybrid perovskite material with improved optoelectronic properties and stability for solar cell applications.

## Contribution

The study introduces a hybrid perovskite with monoethanolammonium cations that reduces hysteresis and improves stability.

## Key findings

- Substituting MA with MEA increases lattice parameters and bandgap energy.
- Polycrystalline films of MAxMEA1−xPbI3 show uniform morphology and photocurrent generation.
- MEA-based perovskites exhibit reduced hysteresis and better device stability.

## Abstract

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices owing to their tunable properties and low-cost fabrication. We report the synthesis of 3D hybrid perovskites with monoethanolammonium cations. Specifically, we investigated the optoelectronic properties and morphological characteristics of polycrystalline films of hybrid perovskites MAxMEA1−xPbI3, which contain methylammonium (MA) and monoethanolammonium (MEA) cations. MAxMEA1−xPbI3 crystallizes in a tetragonal perovskite structure. The substitution of methylammonium cations with monoethanolammonium ions led to an increase in the lattice parameters and the bandgap energy. Energy level diagrams of the synthesized samples were also constructed. The bandgap of MA0.5MEA0.5PbI3 makes it a promising material for use in tandem solar cells. These polycrystalline films, namely MA0.5MEA0.5PbI3 and MA0.25MEA0.75PbI3 were fabricated using a one-step spin-coating method without an antisolvent. These films exhibit a uniform surface morphology under the specified deposition parameters. Within the scope of this study, no evidence of dendritic structures or pinhole-type defects were observed. All synthesized samples demonstrated photocurrent generation under visible light illumination. Moreover, using monoethanolammonium cations reduced the hysteresis of the I–V characteristics, indicating improved device stability.