# Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in the PURE Poland Cohort Study Using the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) Scale and Galectin-3 Concentrations: A Cross-Sectional Study

## TL;DR

This study explores how galectin-3 levels relate to cardiovascular risk in a Polish population using the SCORE scale.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates that galectin-3 is a significant biomarker for cardiovascular risk beyond traditional metrics.

## Key findings

- Higher galectin-3 concentrations were found in older individuals, smokers, and those with elevated blood pressure.
- Galectin-3 levels were positively correlated with SCORE values and systolic blood pressure.
- Galectin-3 concentrations were significantly higher in participants with a SCORE ≥5%.

## Abstract

The SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) scale is useful for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification. However, there is a new biomarker, namely, galectin-3 (gal-3), that offers additional predictive value. This cross-sectional study assessed the relationship between serum gal-3 concentrations and CVD risk based on the SCORE scale in a Polish cohort from the PURE study. A total of 259 participants with complete cholesterol, blood pressure (BP), and smoking data were included. Individuals with myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, or renal failure were excluded. Gal-3 concentrations were measured using ELISA, and statistical analyses examined associations with SCORE categories. The median gal-3 concentration was 221.32(161.64–360.00) ng/mL. Higher gal-3 concentrations were found in older individuals, smokers, and those with elevated BP(p < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed with SCORE values (r = 0.39) and systolic BP (r = 0.64). Participants with SCORE ≥5% had significantly higher gal-3 concentrations. ROC analysis showed moderate diagnostic value for SCORE ≥ 10% (sensitivity 0.618 and specificity 0.810). Higher SCORE and diastolic BP are independent risk factors for increased galectin-3 concentrations, explaining 79.5% of the variance in the studied group. Serum gal-3 is significantly associated with CVD risk estimated by SCORE, supporting its potential role in risk stratification.