# Hot Spots in Urogenital Basic Cancer Research and Clinics

## TL;DR

This review article highlights the top ten hot topics in urogenital cancer research and clinics from 2021 to 2022, based on analysis of 300 original articles.

## Contribution

The paper provides a curated review of the most current and impactful topics in urogenital cancer research and clinical practice.

## Key findings

- The 2022 WHO classification update is a key development in urinary and male genital tumors.
- Artificial intelligence and intratumor heterogeneity are emerging as critical areas in urologic cancer research.
- New therapies and omics approaches are advancing kidney and urothelial cancer treatment.

## Abstract

Urogenital cancer is very common in the male populations of Western countries, a problem of major concern for public health systems, and a frequent test bench for oncological research. In this narrative, we identify the main hot topics on clinics and the basic science of urogenital cancer in the last few years (from 2021 onwards), considering the information given in the abstracts of almost 300 original articles published in outstanding journals of pathology, urology, and basic science. Once defined, each issue in the top ten list of hot topics is independently reviewed in order to put together the most relevant updates and/or useful features, accompanied by selected illustrations. The main recipients of this article are clinicians (pathologists, urologists, and oncologists).

Urogenital cancer is very common in the male population of Western countries, a problem of major concern for public health systems, and a frequent test subject for oncological research. In this narrative, we identify the main hot topics for clinics and the basic science of urological cancer in the last few years (from 2021 onwards), considering the information given in the abstracts of almost 300 original articles published in outstanding journals of pathology, urology, and basic science. Once defined, for the top ten list of hot topics (the 2022 WHO update on the classification of urinary and male genital tumors, new entities in kidney cancer, urinary cancer-omics, update on the Gleason grading system, targeted therapies and other novel therapies in renal cancer, news on non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma, artificial intelligence in urologic cancer, intratumor heterogeneity influence in therapeutic failures in urologic neoplasms, intratumor microbiome and its influence in urologic tumor aggressiveness, and ecological principles and mathematics applied to urogenital cancer study), each issue is independently reviewed in an attempt to put together the most relevant updates and/or useful features accompanied by selected illustrations. This review article addresses some of the most interesting and current hot spots in urogenital basic cancer research and clinics and is mainly aimed toward clinicians, including pathologists, urologists, and oncologists. Readers are invited to explore each topic for further, more detailed information, in addition to the references provided.