# Exploration of the molecular mechanism of modified Danggui Liuhuang Decoction in treating central precocious puberty and its effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones

## TL;DR

This study explores how modified Danggui Liuhuang Decoction treats early puberty by affecting hormone-related genes and pathways.

## Contribution

The study identifies key active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of MDGLHD in regulating CPP through multi-target and multi-pathway actions.

## Key findings

- MDGLHD has 318 potential targets linked to hormone response and signaling pathways like JAK-STAT and HIF-1.
- Key compounds like quercetin and kaempferol bind effectively to proteins such as TP53 and ESR1.
- MDGLHD inhibits GnRH secretion and neuroendocrine signaling receptor gene expression in vitro.

## Abstract

To evaluate the molecular mechanism of modified Danggui Liuhuang Decoction (MDGLHD) in treating central precocious puberty (CPP).

CPP-related genes were obtained from GEO dataset, MalaCard, DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. MDGLHT ingredients and targets were obtained in TCMSP, HERB, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed using STRING database and Cytoscape 3.9.1. Genetic ontological (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed with DAVID and Metascape databases. Molecular docking was performed with PyMoL and AutoDock-Vina software. The GnRH secretion model was established by E2 induction of GT1-7 cells. CCK-8, ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to detect the effects of MDGLHD on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and endocrine signaling receptor gene expression.

318 potential targets of MDGLHD in CPP treatment were screened out. Quercetin, kaempferol, and (S)-Canadine were considered to be the most important active ingredients in MDGLHD. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these targets were associated with response to hormone, JAK-STAT signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Quercetin, kaempferol, and (s)-Canadine had good binding affinity with tumor protein p53 (TP53), estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), Jun proto-oncogene (JUN), MYC proto-oncogene (MYC) and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1). In vitro experiments showed that MDGLHD extract can inhibit GnRH secretion and the expression of neuroendocrine signaling receptor protein gene.

MDGLHD treatment of CPP is achieved through multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways, and inhibition of GnRH secretion and neuroendocrine signaling.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-025-00420-9.