Response of adult Cochliomyia macellaria, Musca domestica, and Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae) to odors produced by commercial fly baits in a two-choice olfactometer bioassay

TL;DR

This study tested how three types of adult flies respond to commercial fly baits in a controlled environment, finding that the baits attract more flies than a control and that responses vary by species and bait age.

Contribution

A novel two-choice spatial olfactometer was developed to assess fly responses to commercial baits in three-dimensional space.

Findings

Flies were more responsive to commercial bait than the water control.

M. domestica responded to baits regardless of age, while C. macellaria and S. bullata showed age-dependent responses.

Female flies responded to fly baits more frequently than males.

Abstract

We developed a two-choice spatial olfactometer to evaluate the response of adult secondary screwworm (Cochliomyia macellaria), house fly (Musca domestica), and flesh fly (Sarcophaga bullata) to two commercially available fly-trap attractants, Captivator and FliesBeGone in three-dimensional space. Liquid fly baits were prepared according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and aged to discern the relative attraction of fresh and older baits. Each 0.07 m3 (2.5 ft3) arena was fitted with two fresh air intake ports, collection chambers containing the attractant or a blank control, and air exhaust ports. We released adult flies into an arena with sufficient space to allow free flight and response to the test attractants. Each comparison was replicated eight times with fresh flies. Flies were more responsive to commercial bait than the water control. Air flowrates, as measured through the intake ports, was determined to be a limiting factor for C. macellaria and S. bullata with significant responses rates observed to flowrates ≤0.14 m3/min (5 ft3/min) and ≤0.25 m3/min (9 ft3/min), respectively. In contrast, M. domestica appeared to respond similarly to all flowrates tested (≤0.31 m3 (11 ft3/min). In direct comparisons with a water control, M. domestica was attracted to baits regardless of bait age. In similar experiments, C. macellaria was significantly responsive to FliesBeGone aged 2 and 3 d but not Captivator regardless of age. Lastly, S. bullata was most responsive to FliesBeGone aged 3 and 4 d, and Captivator aged 4 d. Female flies responded to fly baits more frequently than males.

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